Chin. J. Org. Chem. ›› 2005, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (06): 705-711. Previous Articles     Next Articles

Original Articles

2-取代-5,5-二硝基嘧啶-4,6-二酮的合成和反应

蔡华强*,舒远杰,黄辉,程碧波   

  1. (中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 绵阳 621900)
  • 收稿日期:2004-05-11 修回日期:2004-12-30 发布日期:2005-05-30
  • 通讯作者: 蔡华强

Synthesis and Reactions of 2-Substituted-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-5,5- gem-dinitropyrimidine-4,6-diones

CAI Hua-Qiang*, SHU Yuan-Jie, HUANG Hui, CHENG Bi-Bo   

  1. (Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900)
  • Received:2004-05-11 Revised:2004-12-30 Published:2005-05-30
  • Contact: CAI Hua-Qiang

Nitration of some 2-substituted-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-pyrimidine-4,6-diones gave several new 2-substituted-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-5,5-gem-dinitropyrimidine-4,6-diones (3) in high yields (>80%). The gem- dinitro products formed were easily attacked by nucleophiles with the formation of gem-dinitroacetyl derivatives, which in turn could be further hydrolyzed to the salts of dinitromethane. When the substituent at position 2 was an alkyl group, the nitration occurred both at position 5 and α-carbon atom of the side chain. If the alkyl group was methyl, the product would be 2-(dinitromethylene)-5,5-dinitropyrimidine-4,6-dione (1), which was hydrolyzed to form 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) and dinitromethane (2). When the substituent was hy-droxyl, the nitrated product was 5,5-dinitrobarbituric acid (7b), which was hydrolyzed to form gem-dinitroacetylurea (9b). 9b reacted with KOH to form potassium gem-dinitroacetylurea (10b) and potassium dinitromethane (11). When the substituent was amino, gem-dinitroacetylguanidine (9a) could be synthesized by hydrolytic cleavage of nitrated product. 9a reacted with KOH to form potassium gem-dinitroacetylguanidine (10a) and 11. When there was no substituent at position 2, 7c with its structure being postulated was obtained. The effect of different nucleophiles on yield of FOX-7 was compared. Three different synthetic routes to FOX-7 were appraised. The reaction mechanism was discussed.

Key words: nitration, 2-substituted-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-5,5-gem-dinitropyrimidine-4,6-dione, reaction mechanism, ring cleavage, potassium dinitromethane, 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7)