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化学学报
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化学学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 74 ›› Issue (1): 49-53.DOI: 10.6023/A15090573 上一篇    下一篇

研究通讯

2H-吡咯的简易合成方法:金催化与路易斯酸催化的组合应用

李新玲a, 王佳琪a, 李龙a, 尹应武a, 叶龙武a,b   

  1. a 厦门大学化学化工学院 厦门 361005;
    b 中国科学院上海有机化学研究所金属有机国家重点实验室 上海 200032
  • 投稿日期:2015-09-01 发布日期:2015-10-12
  • 通讯作者: 尹应武, 叶龙武 E-mail:ywyin@xmu.edu.cn;longwuye@xmu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    项目受国家自然科学基金(No. 21272191)、福建省杰出青年科学基金(No. 2015J06003)、国家基础科学人才培养基金(No. J1310024)资助.

Facile Synthesis of 2H-Pyrroles: Combination of Gold Catalysis and Lewis Acid Catalysis

Li Xin-Linga, Wang Jia-Qia, Li Longa, Yin Ying-Wua, Ye Long-Wua,b   

  1. a College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005;
    b State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032
  • Received:2015-09-01 Published:2015-10-12
  • Supported by:

    Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21272191), the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province for Distinguished Young Scholars (No. 2015J06003), and National Found for Fostering Talents of Basic Science (No. J1310024).

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报道了利用金催化与铜催化相结合合成5-氨基-2H-吡咯的方法. 首先通过均相金催化异恶唑与炔酰胺反应生成α-亚胺金卡宾中间体, 再经[3+2]环加成反应合成并分离出5-氨基-3H-吡咯, 然后通过铜催化的去酰基化和基团迁移反应来实现3H-吡咯向2H-吡咯的转化. 该方法不但操作简单、反应条件温和、官能团兼容性良好, 而且还能进行克量级放大. 这项研究为合成具有重要生物活性的5-氨基-2H-吡咯化合物提供了广谱实用的合成方法.

关键词: 吡咯, 金催化, 铜催化, α-亚胺金卡宾, [3+2]环加成

A two-step synthesis of 5-amino 2H-pyrroles using gold and copper catalysis was presented. Firstly, 5-amino 3H-pyrroles were synthesized by gold-catalyzed formal [3+2] cycloaddition between ynamides and isoxazoles via α-imino gold carbene intermediate. The following Lewis acid-triggered decarbonylation and group migration results in the formation of 5-amino 2H-pyrroles. Other notable features of this method include the simple procedure, the mild reaction conditions and compatibility with a broad range of functional groups. Thus, this protocol provides a practical and general solution for the synthesis of 5-amino 2H-pyrroles. Accordingly, isoxazole 2 (2.0 equiv., 0.6 mmol) and Ph3PAuNTf2 (5 mol%) were added to a suspension of the ynamide 1 (1.0 equiv., 0.3 mmol) in DCM (3.0 mL) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was then stirred at r.t. and the progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. The reaction typically took 2 h. Upon completion, the mixture was quenched with pyridine, concentrated and purified by chromatography on silica gel, using an eluent of petroleum ether/ethyl acetate (5/1, V/V), to afford 3H-pyrrole 3. Then, 3H-pyrrole 3 and Cu(OTf)2 (10 mol%) were dissolved in DCM (3 mL) and stirred at room temperature for 6 h. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel, using an eluent of petroleum ether/ethyl acetate (3/1, V/V), to afford the desired 2H-pyrrole 4. Under this condition, a variety of differently substituted ynamides 1 and isoxazoles 2 work well to provide the corresponding 2H-pyrroles 4a～4l in moderate to good overall yields. But N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-N-(phenylethynyl)methanesulfonamide 1a reacts with 4-(3-bromophenyl)-3,5- dimethylisoxazole 2d poorly under this condition, affording product 4h in only 33% yield. These results indicate that this method has certain universality, but the reaction is influenced by the substituents to some extent. Notably, the scalability and preparative utility of the developed methodology was exemplified by the fact that the desired product 4a was obtained without a significant loss in yield when the reaction was scaled up to 5 mmol. Also a plausible mechanism is proposed and we tend to believe that the reaction is featured by an α-imino gold carbene intermediate.

Key words: pyrrole, gold catalysis, copper catalysis, α-imino gold carbene, [3+2] cycloaddition