双碳目标下太阳能制氢技术的研究进展

doi:10.6023/A22080362

化学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 80 ›› Issue (12): 1629-1642.DOI: 10.6023/A22080362 上一篇下一篇

综述

双碳目标下太阳能制氢技术的研究进展

安攀^a, 张庆慧^b, 杨状^a, 武佳星^a, 张佳颖^a, 王雅君^a^,^*(), 李宇明^a, 姜桂元^a

^a中国石油大学(北京) 重质油国家重点实验室北京 102249
^b国家知识产权局专利局北京 100000

投稿日期:2022-08-19 发布日期:2022-11-02
通讯作者: 王雅君

作者简介:

安攀, 中国石油大学(北京)在读研究生, 2020年9月加入中国石油大学(北京)新能源与材料学院王雅君研究员课题组, 主要研究方向为光催化和光电催化.

张庆慧, 中国石油大学(北京)化学工艺专业硕士学位, 2008年9月起进入国家知识产权局专利局, 现任材料部催化剂处副处长, 长期从事化工、催化剂领域的专利审查工作, 2013年起参与专利复审案件的审理, 熟悉化工废气净化、废水处理等方向专利技术发展情况, 目前致力于催化剂, 尤其是光催化剂方向的研究工作. 截至目前参与局级课题5项, 发表文章2篇.

王雅君, 研究员, 博士生导师. 2006年于清华大学获学士学位, 2011年于清华大学获博士学位. 2013年至今于中国石油大学(北京)从事光催化、光电催化、纳米材料合成等方面的研究. 先后入选校优秀青年学者、石大学者、北京市科技新星等. 近年来在Energ. Environ. Sci.、Adv. Mater.、Appl. Catal. B-Environ.等刊物发表SCI收录论文40余篇. 担任Nanomaterials客座编辑和Chinese Chemistry Letter、Petroleum Science、颗粒学报青年编委. 获2016年教育部高等学校科学研究优秀成果奖(科学技术)自然科学奖一等奖, 获2021年中国分析测试协会科学技术奖(CAIA奖)一等奖等.

基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1904500); 国家自然科学基金(52270115); 国家自然科学基金(21777080); 中国石油大学(北京)科学基金(2462019QNXZ05); 中国石油大学(北京)重质油国家重点实验室自主项目资助

Research Progress of Solar Hydrogen Production Technology under Double Carbon Target

Pan An^a, Qinghui Zhang^b, Zhuang Yang^a, Jiaxing Wu^a, Jiaying Zhang^a, Yajun Wang^a(), Yuming Li^a, Guiyuan Jiang^a

^aState Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249
^bChina National Intellectual Property Administration, Patent Administration, Beijing 100000

Received:2022-08-19 Published:2022-11-02
Contact: Yajun Wang
About author:
†These authors contributed equally to this work.
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC1904500); National Natural Science Foundation of China(52270115); National Natural Science Foundation of China(21777080); Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum (Beijing)(2462019QNXZ05); State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing)

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摘要/Abstract

“双碳目标”的实现需要精准的政策引导和开发可替代的清洁能源. 近年来, 氢能由于具有来源丰富、热值高、清洁低碳、应用场景多样等特点, 受到了学者们越来越多的关注. 在传统制氢技术中, 化石燃料制氢技术应用最为广泛, 但其制氢反应过程造成的能耗和温室气体释放量较大. 而光催化分解水制氢技术是将太阳能转换为氢能, 将太阳能以化学能的形式储存起来, 这样不仅能利用太阳能制取氢气, 而且可以将氢能与CO₂结合起来生产高附加值的化学品, 在减少碳排放的同时, 实现碳氢资源的综合利用. 综述了可实现太阳能制氢的光催化制氢(PC)、光电催化制氢(PEC)和光伏电催化耦合制氢(PV-EC)技术的研究进展, 阐释了相关技术的基本原理, 介绍了制氢技术中的关键材料, 对三种制氢技术发展过程中太阳能制氢(STH)转化效率、材料稳定性的相关研究进行了详细总结. 最后对三种太阳能制氢技术面临的关键挑战和未来发展方向进行了探讨和展望.

关键词: 太阳能, 氢能, 光催化, 光电催化, 光伏电催化

The achievement of the “double carbon target” requires precise policy guidance and the development of alternative clean energy. In recent years, hydrogen energy has attracted more and more attention due to its rich sources, high heating value, low-carbon, and diverse application scenarios. Among the traditional hydrogen production technologies, fossil fuel hydrogen production technology is the most widely used, but the larger energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission are caused by its hydrogen production reaction process. Photocatalytic water splitting can transfer solar energy to hydrogen, which can store solar energy in the form of chemical energy. This strategy not only can utilize solar energy to generate hydrogen, but also can combine hydrogen with CO₂ to produce high-value chemicals. Moreover, this technology can reduce carbon dioxide emissions and realize the comprehensive utilization of hydrocarbon resources. The research progress of photocatalytic (PC) hydrogen production, photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) hydrogen production and photovoltaic electrocatalytic (PV-EC) hydrogen production are reviewed. The basic principles of related technologies are explained, and the key materials in hydrogen production technology are introduced. The related researches of solar to hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency and material stability are summarized in detail during the development of three hydrogen production technologies. Finally, the key challenges and future development directions are discussed and prospected for the three solar hydrogen production technologies.

Key words: solar energy, hydrogen energy, photocatalysis, photoelectrocatalysis, photovoltaic electrocatalysis

引用此文

安攀, 张庆慧, 杨状, 武佳星, 张佳颖, 王雅君, 李宇明, 姜桂元. 双碳目标下太阳能制氢技术的研究进展[J]. 化学学报, 2022, 80(12): 1629-1642.

Pan An, Qinghui Zhang, Zhuang Yang, Jiaxing Wu, Jiaying Zhang, Yajun Wang, Yuming Li, Guiyuan Jiang. Research Progress of Solar Hydrogen Production Technology under Double Carbon Target[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2022, 80(12): 1629-1642.

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图/表 12

图1. 光催化分解水的基本过程

Figure 1. The schematic diagram of photocatalytic water splitting

图2. 太阳辐射到地球表面的光谱

Figure 2. Spectrogram of solar radiation on the earth's surface

图3. (a) CdS TEM照片; (b) Bi-CDs/CdS TEM照片; (c) 可见光下不同金属掺杂CDs/CdS的产氢活性图; (d) 可见光下Bi-CDs/CdS的产氢稳定性

Figure 3. (a) TEM image of CdS; (b) TEM image of Bi-CDs/CdS; (c) H2 evolution profiles of different metals doped CDs/CdS under visible light irradiation; (d) H2 evolution stability of Bi-CDs/CdS under visible light irradiation

图4. 近十年关于光解水铋基光催化剂的出版物数量统计图

Figure 4. Statistics of publications on Bismuth-based photocatalysts for photocatalytic water splitting in recent ten years

图5. 光电催化分解水示意图

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of photoelectrocatalytic water splitting

图6. (a) TiO2纳米线SEM照片; (b) CdSe/Al2O3/TiO2纳米线SEM照片; (c) 可见光下不同纳米线阵列的产H2曲线; (d) CdSe/Al2O3/TiO2 纳米线阵列中电荷转移过程示意图

Figure 6. (a) SEM image of TiO2 nanowire; (b) SEM image of CdSe/Al2O3/TiO2 nanowire; (c) H2 production curves of different nanowire arrays under visible light irradiation; (d) a schematic of the charge transfer process in the CdSe/Al2O3/TiO2 nanowire arrays

图7. 近十年关于分解水光阴极材料相关出版物数量统计图

Figure 7. Statistics of publications on photocathode materials for water splitting in recent ten years

图8. PEC分解水对理想半导体的要求

Figure 8. The requirements for an ideal semiconductor for PEC water splitting

图9. Pt-TiO2/CdS/GeSe光电阴极分解水示意图

Figure 9. Schematic diagram of Pt-TiO2/CdS/GeSe photocathode for water splitting

图10. Pt/ALD-TiO2/GeSe电极和Pt/C60 pat. -TiO2 ball/GeSe电极的载流子转移途径示意图

Figure 10. Schematic showing electron transfer pathways of Pt/ALD-TiO2/GeSe electrode and Pt/C60 pat.-TiO2 ball/GeSe electrode

图11. 光伏电解水制氢系统的工作原理图

Figure 11. Schematic diagram of photovoltaic electrolytic water system for hydrogen production

图12. 光伏-光电催化分解水系统. (A) 集成式PEC器件; (B) 部分集成式PEC器件; (C) 非集成式PEC器件

Figure 12. Photovoltaic-photoelectrocatalytic water splitting system. (A) integrated PEC device; (B) partially integrated PEC device; (C) non‐integrated PEC device

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双碳目标下太阳能制氢技术的研究进展

Research Progress of Solar Hydrogen Production Technology under Double Carbon Target

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