化学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 82 ›› Issue (2): 242-256.DOI: 10.6023/A23120542 上一篇    

综述

基于生物质可降解薄膜的制备与应用

郭建荣a, 张书玉a,b, 贺军辉a,*(), 任世学b   

  1. a 中国科学院理化技术研究所 北京 100190
    b 东北林业大学 材料科学与工程学院 哈尔滨 150040
  • 投稿日期:2024-01-04 发布日期:2024-02-04
  • 作者简介:

    郭建荣, 中科院理化技术研究所特别研究助理. 2022年获得中国科学院理化技术研究所理学博士学位. 主要研究兴趣为环境污染物防治功能材料与技术、生物基可降解材料的制备及应用. 以第一作者已在Chem. Eng. J., Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp.等国际核心刊物发表论文5篇, 授权专利4项.

    张书玉, 1999年出生, 东北林业大学材料科学与工程学院在读硕士研究生, 目前在中国科学院理化技术研究所进行生物基可降解材料的制备及应用方面的研究.

    贺军辉, 中科院理化技术研究所研究员、博士生导师、微纳材料与技术研究中心主任、功能纳米材料研究组组长. 主要研究兴趣为功能纳米结构的创制、性能和应用; 功能纳米结构薄膜/涂层的设计、制备和性能; 功能纳米结构器件的设计、制备和性能; 功能纳米材料在绿色能源、节能环保及环境分析和治理中的应用. 在国内外核心刊物上发表论文380余篇, 被引用11000余次, 申请国内外专利100余项, 出版中文专著1部, 英文专著3部.

    任世学, 博士, 教授, 博士生导师/硕士生导师. 一直从事植物多酚降解活化、化学改性和应用研究, 主持参加多项国家级及省部级课题. 主要研究方向有: 木质素降解活化及化学改性研究, 木质素的高值化应用研究, 植物多酚的定向解聚研究, 图像精准智能识别在林业工程领域的应用等. 出版专著及教材2部, 参加编著2部; 发表论文30余篇.

    † 共同第一作者
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划前沿科技创新专项(2019QY(Y)0503); 中国博士后基金(2023M733586)

Preparation and Application of Biodegradable Films Based on Biomass

Jianrong Guoa, Shuyu Zhanga,b, Junhui Hea(), Shixue Renb   

  1. a Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
    b School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
  • Received:2024-01-04 Published:2024-02-04
  • Contact: E-mail: jhhe@mail.ipc.ac.cn
  • About author:
    † These authors contributed equally to this work
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019QY(Y)0503); China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M733586)

石油基塑料制品加工性好、低成本等优点在各行各业中需求量大且应用广泛, 为人类生活带来了极大便利, 促进了人类社会发展. 然而在使用之后常以焚烧与填埋等处理方式直接排放到自然环境中, 塑料在环境中难以降解, 这将对环境与生命健康造成严重威胁, 产生日益严重的“微塑料”问题. 在当前“禁塑令”以及“碳达峰、碳中和”的背景下, 开发生物质可降解材料取代石油基塑料已成为人们关注的焦点. 生物质种类丰富, 源于自然植物, 产量高, 可再生, 完全生物可降解, 生物相容性好, 环境友好, 是完美的石油基塑料替代品. 然而, 经调研发现, 从生物质原材料出发制备与石油基塑料具有类似性能的生物可降解材料也面临很多技术挑战, 例如复杂的加工过程、成型差、机械强度较低、透明度差等. 因此本综述重点聚焦于基于不同类型生物质原料制备可降解薄膜材料研究进展, 分别从淀粉、果胶与壳聚糖直接生物质原料, 秸秆、果壳与木材间接生物质原料出发, 从生物质原料来源、组成、结构与提取, 以及薄膜制备方法, 包括溶剂铸造法、吹塑法、挤压法、静电纺丝等, 并对所获得生物基薄膜的性能与应用进行综述. 最后, 梳理了当前基于生物质所制备可降解薄膜存在的不足之处和面临的挑战, 并对生物质可降解薄膜材料未来的研究进行了展望.

关键词: 生物质, 生物降解, 薄膜, 包装材料

The excellent processability and cost-effectiveness of petroleum-based plastics render them highly sought-after and extensively utilized across various industries, significantly enhancing convenience in human life and fostering societal progress. However, the disposal methods after use often involved direct incineration and landfill discharge into the natural environment. Due to the ultra-high stability of C—C bonds and high molecular weight, plastics are challenging to degrade in the environment, which poses a significant threat to the environment, life and health, particularly with regards to the increasingly severe issue of "microplastics". The development of biomass materials to replace conventional petroleum-based plastics has become the focal point of attention in the current macro background of the "plastic ban" and the pursuit of "carbon peak" and "carbon neutrality", aiming to address this inherent contradiction. The biomass is highly diverse, originating from natural plants, with a high yield and renewable nature. It is fully biodegradable, biocompatible, environmentally friendly, and serves as an ideal alternative to petroleum-based plastics. The preparation of biodegradable materials with properties similar to petroleum-based plastics from biomass raw materials also encounters numerous technical challenges, including inadequate molding, poor mechanical strength, and low transparency. Therefore, this paper focused on the research progress in the preparation of degradable film materials based on various types of biomass raw materials. Starting from the direct biomass raw materials of starch, pectin and chitosan, and the indirect biomass raw materials of straw, fruit shell and wood, the properties and applications of the obtained bio-based films were reviewed from the sources, composition, structure and extraction of biomass raw materials, as well as film preparation methods, including solvent casting, blow molding, extrusion, electrospinning, etc. Finally, this review examines the limitations and challenges associated with biodegradable films derived from biomass, while also providing a future outlook on research in this field.

Key words: biomass, biodegradable, films, packaging materials