氧还原反应中的银基催化剂

doi:10.6023/A13030276

摘要/Abstract

本工作较为全面地归纳了氧还原反应中使用的各种银基催化剂: 纯银、碳载银、银复合催化剂、银合金和银-过渡金属氧化物; 分别论述了它们的主要发展动态、优缺点和可能的研究方向、催化机理, 并对国内外主要的研究成果进行了对比分析. 鉴于银合金、银复合催化剂的催化机理研究较为深入, 还着重论述了它们的研究发展状况, 同时对比了不同学者提出的催化机理、催化剂构效关系. 此外, 简要阐述了银基催化剂的合成路线: 化学还原法、电沉积法和高温煅烧等, 并介绍了各合成路线对催化剂的形貌、成分、催化活性产生的影响. 最后, 对银基催化剂的研究现状进行了小结并指出其今后可能的应用领域, 展示出良好的应用前景.

关键词: 银, 催化剂, 碱性溶液, 氧还原反应, 催化机理

There is great interest in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in basic solution due to the development of alkaline fuel cell and metal air battery. Pt is a kind of highly active catalyst for ORR to go through 4e pathway. However, the price of Pt is expensive, and the annual production is only 181.6 tons, which is far to meet the usage of electric vehicles. On the contrary, Ag is not only much cheaper than Pt, but can also catalyze ORR to pass 4e procedure. In addition, Ag is more active than Pt for 4e process in more concentrated alkaline solution and at higher temperature. Therefore, this paper briefly reviews different types of Ag-based catalysts, which are used in the field of the ORR, such as, pure Ag, carbon-supported Ag, Ag composite catalysts, Ag binary alloys and Ag-transition metal oxides. We introduce merits and drawbacks, possible research directions of the above Ag-based catalysts, respectively, and show a comparative analysis on the update results of these Ag-based catalysts, especially for the carbon-supported Ag, a proper weight proportion of Ag and particle size and morphology of Ag cluster should be found out and researched in the future. Moreover, the state-of-the-art research and catalytic mechanism of Ag binary alloys are also reviewed, interestingly, two different catalytic mechanism explanations of Ag binary, based on the same institute, University of Texas at Austin, are compared and analyzed. Furthermore, the relationship between catalysis performance for ORR and structure of Ag-based catalysts are properly elaborated, and we also introduce some of the main characterization techniques (electrochemical techniques, structure analysis, morphological analysis, density functional theory etc.) Based on the common characteristics of all of Ag-based catalysts, at the end of this review, we propose some promising practical application and research tendency for Ag-based catalysts. The catalytic activity of transition metals in aprotic electrolytes is similar to that of transition metal in strong basic aqueous electrolytes, the excellent Ag based catalysts for alkaline fuel cell and metal air battery may play well in nonaqueous Li air battery, too.

Key words: silver, catalyst, basic solution, oxygen reduction reaction, catalytic mechanism

引用此文

张栋, 张存中, 穆道斌, 吴伯荣, 吴锋. 氧还原反应中的银基催化剂[J]. 化学学报, 2013, 71(08): 1101-1110.

Zhang Dong, Zhang Cunzhong, Mu Daobin, Wu Borong, Wu Feng. A Review of Ag-based Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2013, 71(08): 1101-1110.

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