Electron/ion Conductor Double-coated LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Li-ion Battery Cathode Material and Its Electrochemical Performance

doi:10.6023/A21120600

Abstract

The Ni-rich layered cathode material LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ presents a high specific capacity and relatively low cost, however, the inherent structure instability during the electrochemical cycling process hinders its application widely. Universally, the strategy of surface coating can be used to improve the structural stability of the material and then improve its electrochemical performance. This work combines the high-speed solid-phase coating method and the high-temperature sintering method to coat the electronic conductor antimony tin oxide and lithium-ion conductor lithium metaphosphate on the surface of the LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ material, respectively. The electron/ion conductor double coating layer forms a charge conversion and transport channel on the surface of the LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂. The electronic conductivity of the double-coated LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ material increased from 2.17×10^-3 Ѕ•cm^-1 to 1.02×10^-2 Ѕ•cm^-1, and the diffusion coefficient of lithium-ion also increased from 7.05×10^-9 cm²•s^-1 to 2.88×10^-8 cm²•s^-1. At the same time, due to strong P—O bonds and stable metal oxides, the double-coating layer on the surface of the LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ material can effectively restrain the irreversible phase transitions, and it also can inhibit the interfacial reactions under high electrode potential. The electrochemical performance test demonstrated that the cyclability and rate performance of LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ material improved due to surface modification. The cathode assembled with double-coated LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ material can maintain a reversible capacity of 161.1 mAh•g^-1 after 150 cycles at 1 C (after being activated at 0.1 C for two cycles, 1 C=180 mA•g^-1) during 2.7~4.3 V (vs. Li/Li⁺), with a capacity retention of 87.1%. This coated LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ material also displays a specific capacity as high as 133 mAh•g^-1 at 10 C. In comparison, the pristine LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ delivers a capacity of only 113 mAh•g^-1 after 100 cycles and a reversible capacity retention rate of less than 60% (a decay rate of 0.4% per cycle).

Key words: lithium-ion battery, nickel-rich cathode material, electronic conductor, lithium-ion conductor, fast charging

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Shouxiao Chen, Junke Liu, Weichen Zheng, Guozhen Wei, Yao Zhou, Juntao Li. Electron/ion Conductor Double-coated LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ Li-ion Battery Cathode Material and Its Electrochemical Performance[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2022, 80(4): 485-493.

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Fig. & Tab. 7

Figure 1. The SEM images of pristine NCM (a) and ATO@NCM (b). (c) SEM images and EDS images of ATO-LOP@NCM-2. (d) The XPS full spectra of ATO-LOP@NCM-2. (e) The XRD diffraction patterns of ATO-LOP@NCM-x (x=1, 2 and 3) and Pristine NCM

Figure 2. (a~c) TEM images of ATO-LOP@NCM-2 material at low magnification and high resolution. (d~e) The element distribution of ATO-LOP@NCM-2 obtained from the electron energy loss spectrum mapping

Figure 3. (a) Long-cycle performance of ATO-LOP@NCM-x (x=1, 2 and 3) and Pristine NCM. (b) Rate performance of ATO-LOP@NCM-x (x=1, 2 and 3) and Pristine NCM. (c~f) Charge and discharge curves of ATO-LOP@NCM-x (x=1, 2 and 3) and Pristine NCM after 1st, 50th, and 100th cycles respectively

Figure 4. (a) The electronic conductivity of NCM, ATO@NCM, and ATO-LOP@NCM-2. (b, c) Cyclic voltammetry curves of ATO-LOP@NCM-2 and Pristine NCM. (d) The IP-v1/2 curves of ATO-LOP@NCM-2 and Pristine NCM. (e) Diffusion coefficient of lithium-ion (DLi+) calculated from the IP-v1/2 curves. (f, g) electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of ATO-LOP@NCM-x (x=1, 2 and 3) and Pristine NCM before cycle (f) and after 100 cycles (g). (h) Resistance data obtained by fitting the equivalent circuit model

Figure 5. dQ/dV curves during 1st, 50th, and 100th charging and discharging process of pristine NCM (a) and ATO-LOP@NCM-2 (b). In situ XRD contour maps (2.7~4.3 V, 0.3 C) over the range of 17.2°~20.0° of Pristine NCM (c) and ATO-LOP@NCM-2 (d) during 2 cycles

Figure 6. SEM images of the cross-section of Pristine NCM and ATO-LOP@NCM-2 after 100 cycles

Figure 7. XPS spectra of (a) C 1s, (b) O 1s and (c) F 1s for pristine NCM electrode after 100 cycles and (d) C 1s, (e) O 1s and (f) F 1s for the ATO-LCO@NCM-2 electrode after 100 cycles

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电/离子导体双包覆的LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂锂离子电池阴极材料及其电化学性能

Electron/ion Conductor Double-coated LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ Li-ion Battery Cathode Material and Its Electrochemical Performance

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电/离子导体双包覆的LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2锂离子电池阴极材料及其电化学性能