常见大环自组装构建分子胶囊

doi:10.6023/cjoc201209001

摘要/Abstract

分子胶囊以其独特的分子结构在控制药物释放、催化、材料科学和生物医药等领域具有潜在的应用价值. 分子胶囊可由不同的分子模块通过共价键或非共价键构建. 着重描述了由常见的大环主体(环糊精、杯芳烃、杯吡咯、卟啉、环三藜芦烯和葫芦脲)通过自组装形成的分子胶囊. 这些分子胶囊通过非共价键(氢键、静电作用、疏水作用及范德华力等)连接, 使得分子胶囊具有可控的可调节的分子结构. 通过这些独特的分子结构, 分子胶囊可在溶液或固相中包裹各种各样的有趣的客体.

关键词: 超分子化学, 大环主体, 自组装, 分子胶囊

Molecular capsules are amazing and fascinating because of their unusual structure and nanospaces. These unique microenvironments and nano-structures ultimately ensure their potential for applications in materials science, biological science, drug delivery and catalysis. Molecular capsules could be constructed by covalent bonds or non-covalent bonds with many kinds of different components. This article describes the syntheses and properties of a library of diverse molecular capsules by non-covalent bonds with common macrocycles, which covers (i) cyclodextrins based systems, (ii) calix[n]arenes based systems, (iii) calic[n]pyrroles based systems, (iv) porphyrins based systems, (v) cyclotriveratrylene (CTV) based systems, and finally (vi) cucurbit[n]urils based systems. These building blocks afford molecular capsules based on the self-assembly of several units, which is primarily driven by the interplay of weak attractions that act over short distances between molecules, including hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interaction, aromatic π-stacking, van der Waal's interactions, etc. These versatile molecular capsules providing different nanospaces, some of which are controllable and adjustable, could encapsulate different kinds of interesting guests in solution or solid states.

Key words: supramolecular chemistry, macrocycle, self-assembly, molecular capsule

引用此文

郑睿, 梁丹霞, 于雪涛, 陈仁尔, 蒋华江, 周其忠. 常见大环自组装构建分子胶囊[J]. 有机化学, 2013, 33(03): 504-516.

Zheng Rui, Liang Danxia, Yu Xuetao, Chen Rener, Jiang Huajiang, Zhou Qizhong. Molecular Capsules Based on Common Macrocycles Self-Assembly[J]. Chin. J. Org. Chem., 2013, 33(03): 504-516.

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