十元氮杂环化合物合成最新研究进展

doi:10.6023/cjoc202508004

有机化学 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 420-442.DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202508004 上一篇下一篇

综述与进展

十元氮杂环化合物合成最新研究进展

罗艳^a^,^†, 刘章伟^a^,^†, 胡朝蕾^b, 闭红艳^a^,^*(), 莫冬亮^a^,^*()

^a 广西师范大学化学与药学学院省部共建药用资源化学与药物分子工程国家重点实验室广西桂林 541004
^b 中国矿业大学力学与土木工程学院(北京) 北京 100083

收稿日期:2025-09-28 修回日期:2025-10-08 发布日期:2025-10-23
通讯作者: 闭红艳, 莫冬亮
作者简介:
^† 共同第一作者
基金资助:
广西自然科学基金(2025GXNSFGA069003); 广西自然科学基金(2023GXNSFDA026025); 国家自然科学基金(22571050); 广西八桂青年学者计划资助项目

Recent Advances on the Synthesis of Ten-Membered Nitrogen Heterocyclic Compounds

Yan Luo^a, Zhangwei Liu^a, Zhaolei Hu^b, Hongyan Bi^a^,^*(), Dongliang Mo^a^,^*()

^a State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004
^b School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083

Received:2025-09-28 Revised:2025-10-08 Published:2025-10-23
Contact: Hongyan Bi, Dongliang Mo
About author:
^† These authors contributed equally to this work.
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(2025GXNSFGA069003); Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(2023GXNSFDA026025); National Natural Science Foundation of China(22571050); Guangxi Bagui Youth Program

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摘要/Abstract

十元氮杂环化合物不仅是众多含氮生物碱的核心骨架, 也是构建其它天然产物的关键中间体, 其高效合成在有机化学和药物化学领域备受关注. 这类化合物因其独特的中环骨架且具有良好的生物活性, 在过去十年间, 其合成方法得到了很大的发展, 也成为了当前中环化合物合成的研究热点之一. 系统梳理了过去十年来十元氮杂环化合物合成的研究进展, 介绍了该类化合物的创新合成方法及其在十元氮杂环天然产物全合成领域的最新应用.

关键词: 十元氮杂环化合物, 中环化合物, 环化反应, 环加成反应, 扩环反应

Ten-membered nitrogen heterocyclic compounds are not only the cores of many nitrogen-containing alkaloids, but also the key intermediates for the construction of other natural products. Consequently, their efficient synthesis has garnered significant attention in the field of organic and medicinal chemistry. Over the past decade, since their special medium-sized rings and possessing good biological activities, the synthetic methodologies toward the preparation of ten-membered N-hetero- cyclic compounds have been greatly developed and have also become one of the hottest topics in the medium-sized ring synthetic fields. This review summarizes the recent advances in the synthesis of ten-membered N-heterocyclic compounds in the last decade. It coveres the innovative synthetic methodologies for these ten-membered nitrogen heterocyclic compounds and their applications in the total synthesis of natural products.

Key words: ten-membered N-heterocyclic compounds, medium-sized ring compounds, cyclization reaction, cycloaddition reaction, ring expansion reaction

引用此文

罗艳, 刘章伟, 胡朝蕾, 闭红艳, 莫冬亮. 十元氮杂环化合物合成最新研究进展[J]. 有机化学, 2026, 46(2): 420-442.

Yan Luo, Zhangwei Liu, Zhaolei Hu, Hongyan Bi, Dongliang Mo. Recent Advances on the Synthesis of Ten-Membered Nitrogen Heterocyclic Compounds[J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2026, 46(2): 420-442.

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图/表 44

图1. 含十元氮杂环的生物活性化合物和天然产物

Figure 1. Bioactive compounds and natural products containing ten-membered N-heterocycles

图式1. 氧代-2-氮杂-Cope环扩张形成大环内酰胺

Scheme 1. Oxy-2-aza-Cope ring expansion to form macrocyclic lactams

图式2. 连续扩环反应构建十元内酰胺化合物

Scheme 2. Successive ring-expansion (SuRE) methods to prepare ten-membered lactams

图式3. 通过共轭加成/扩环串联反应合成十元环内酰胺

Scheme 3. Synthesis of ten-membered lactams via conjugate addition/ring expansion cascade reactions

图式4. 两个1,3-偶极体组装制备十元氮杂环化合物

Scheme 4. Assembly of two 1,3-dipoles for preparing ten-membered N-heterocyclic compounds

图式5. 钯催化1,5-双烯制备特定立体构型的十元氮杂环化合物

Scheme 5. Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of stereodefined ten-membered N-heterocycles from 1,5-bisallenes

图式6. 双联烯的碳钯化可能的反应机理

Scheme 6. Possible reaction mechanism for carbopalladation of bisallenes

图式7. 炔烃、叔胺和醛的串联反应

Scheme 7. Cascade reaction of arynes, tertiary amines and aldehydes

图式8. 自由基芳基迁移反应合成结构多样的十元氮杂环化合物

Scheme 8. Radical aryl migration enables synthesis of structurally diverse ten-membered N-heterocyclic compounds

图式9. 硫代内酰胺的串联反应构建十元氮杂环化合物

Scheme 9. Cascade reaction of thiolactams to prepare ten-membered N-heterocyclic compounds

图式10. 钯催化的不对称[6＋4]环加成反应合成十元氮杂环化合物

Scheme 10. Pd-catalyzed asymmetric [6＋4] cycloaddition to synthesize ten-membered N-heterocyclic compounds

图式11. 钯催化的[6＋4]环加成反应合成十元氮杂环化合物

Scheme 11. Palladium-catalyzed [6＋4] cycloaddition for the synthesis of ten-membered N-heterocyclic compounds

图式12. 钯催化的不对称高阶偶极环加成反应合成十元氮杂环化合物

Scheme 12. Synthesis of ten-membered N-heterocycles via Pd-catalyzed asymmetric higher-order dipolar cycloaddition

图式13. 钯催化的氨基甲酸乙烯酯和烯酮的不对称[8＋2]偶极环加成反应

Scheme 13. Palladium-catalyzed asymmetric [8＋2] dipolar cycloadditions of vinyl carbamates and ketenes

图式14. α-氯烯酮酰胺与环酐的环加成反应制备十元氮杂环化合物

Scheme 14. Preparing ten-membered N-heterocycles via cycloaddition of α-chloro ene-formamides and cyclic anhydrides

图式15. 联烯类十元氮杂环衍生物的合成

Scheme 15. Synthesis of allene-containing ten-membered N-heterocyclic derivatives

图式16. 高阶[7＋3]环加成反应合成多芳烃稠合十元环内酰胺

Scheme 16. Synthesis of polyarene-fused ten-membered lactams through high-order [7＋3] cycloaddition reaction

图式17. 扩环反应构建中环内酯和内酰胺

Scheme 17. Ring expansions for the construction of medium sized lactones and lactams

图式18. 氧化脱芳环串联反应合成十元环内酰胺

Scheme 18. Synthesis of medium-sized lactams via a tandem oxidative dearomatization-ring expansion reaction

图式19. 金属化脲的迁移扩环合成中环氮杂环化合物

Scheme 19. Synthesis of medium-sized nitrogen heterocycles through migratory ring expansion of metalated ureas

图式20. 光催化C—C键断裂合成十元环内酰胺

Scheme 20. Synthesis of ten-membered lactams by photocatalytic C—C bond cleavage

图式21. 可能的反应机理

Scheme 21. Plausible reaction mechanism

图式22. 电化学合成十元环内酰胺

Scheme 22. Electrochemical synthesis of ten-membered lactams

图式23. 咪唑啉水解扩环合成芳烃稠合十元内酰胺

Scheme 23. Synthesis of arene-fused ten-membered lactams via hydrolysis of imidazoline and ring expansion

图式24. 水合咪唑啉扩环制备二芳基稠合1,4,7-三氮杂十元环化合物

Scheme 24. Ring expansion of hydrated imidazoline to prepare diarene-fused 1,4,7-ten-memberd ring compounds

图式25. 侧链插入噻唑酮骨架制备十元氮杂环化合物

Scheme 25. Preparation of ten-membered N-heterocycles through side-chain insertion into thiazepinone scaffolds

图式26. 2,5-二酮哌嗪的扩环合成环状三肽化合物

Scheme 26. Synthesis of cyclic tripeptides through the ring expansion of 2,5-diketopiperazines

图式27. Smiles扩环反应合成二苯并二氮杂十元环化合物

Scheme 27. Synthesis of dibenzodiazepine derived ten-membered ring compounds by Smiles ring expansion

图式28. 环化/扩环串联反应合成十元氮杂环化合物

Scheme 28. Cascade cyclization and ring expansion to synthesize ten-membered N-heterocyclic compounds

图式29. 环化/扩环串联反应合成中环和大环化合物

Scheme 29. Synthesis of medium-sized rings and macrocycles via cyclization/ring expansion cascade reaction

图式30. VQM的多样性导向策略合成十元环氮杂环联芳烃

Scheme 30. Synthesis of ten-membered N-heterocyclic-bridged biarenes via a VQM-enabled diversity-oriented strategy

图式31. 金催化呋喃炔的环化反应合成十元氮杂环化合物

Scheme 31. Gold-catalyzed cyclization reaction of furan-deri- ved alkynes to synthesize ten-membered N-heterocycles

图式32. 金催化呋喃炔环化反应的可能机理

Scheme 32. Plausible mechanism of gold-catalyzed cyclization reaction of furan-derived alkynes

图式33. 钇催化的分子内环化反应

Scheme 33. Yttrium-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization reaction

图式34. 环状二芳基碘鎓盐合成十元氮杂芳基内酯

Scheme 34. Synthesis of ten-membered N-heterocyclic lactones with cyclic diaryliodonium salts

图式35. TfOH促进的环化反应合成十元氮杂环化合物

Scheme 35. TfOH-promoted cyclization to prepare ten-membered N-heterocyclic compounds

图式36. 环化反应构建含反式双键的桥联十元氮杂双环脒

Scheme 36. Construction of bridged ten-membered N-hetero- cyclic amidines containing trans-double bond through cyclization reaction

图式37. 十元环中间体在(－)-protoemetinol全合成中的应用

Scheme 37. Application of ten-membered ring intermediate in the total synthesis of (－)-protoemetinol

图式38. 扩环反应在(－)-6-Desmethyl-Fluvirucinine A1合成中的应用

Scheme 38. Application of ring expansion reaction in the total synthesis of (－)-6-Desmethyl-Fluvirucinine A1

图式39. Reformatsky-Aza-Claisen重排反应在合成Tabernaemontanine中的应用

Scheme 39. Application of Reformatsky-Aza-Claisen rearrangement in the synthesis of Tabernaemontanine

图式40. 环畸变策略在Yohimbine Y6合成中的应用

Scheme 40. Application of ring-distortion strategy in the total synthesis of Yohimbine Y6

图式41. AST3-88的合成研究

Scheme 41. The studies for the synthesis of AST3-88

图式42. 十元环稠合多环双吲哚生物碱的合成

Scheme 42. Synthesis of ten-membered ring fused polycyclic bisindole alkaloids

图式43. 药物LE404的合成

Scheme 43. Synthesis of drug LE404

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十元氮杂环化合物合成最新研究进展

Recent Advances on the Synthesis of Ten-Membered Nitrogen Heterocyclic Compounds

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