溶酶体荧光探针研究新进展

doi:10.6023/cjoc201607004

摘要/Abstract

溶酶体在细胞各种生命活动，如物质代谢、细胞膜循环、细胞凋亡中发挥着重要作用.将溶酶体可视化，并对其活性物种、特定微环境及关键生理过程进行检测，不仅有助于理解溶酶体参与生命活动的分子机制，而且对疾病的治疗具有重要的指导意义.近年来，许多靶向溶酶体的荧光探针被相继报道，其检测对象包括还原性物种、活性氧、活性氮、氢离子、金属离子、阴离子以及生物酶等，还包括对温度、粘度、极性、pH等微环境的检测.溶酶体的荧光探针的定位机制分为三类：利用溶酶体的酸性生理环境、利用溶酶体的物质代谢功能以及利用溶酶体特殊的膜蛋白或水解酶.对近年来出现的主要溶酶体荧光探针进行了总结与评述，展望了溶酶体荧光探针应用于探究重要细胞生理过程的分子机制，以及相关疾病诊断方面的发展趋势.

关键词: 溶酶体, 荧光探针, 细胞凋亡, 活性小分子, 微环境

Lysosomes are vital in many physiological processes such as metabolism, membrane repair, cell apoptosis, etc. To have lysosomes visualized and reactive small molecules (RSMs) detected are of great significance on the understanding of some intracellular dynamic procedures as well as the therapy of related deseases. In the past few years, many lysosome-targeting RSMs-sensing fluorescent probes are reported, including protons, reduction species, oxidation species, metal cations, anions, enzymes and some physical properties such as pH, viscosity and temperature. The mechanism of targeting lysosomes can be classified into three types: (1) based on the acidic physiological environments in lysosomes, (2) based on the pathway of substance metabolism, especially the endocytosis of materials, and (3) based on the specific membrane proteins and hydrolases in lysosomes. The recently reported lysosomal fluorescent probes were assorted, summarized and reviewed in this work. The bright prospects of these probes in the application of preliminary diagnosis and therapy of some diseases were also discussed.

Key words: lysosomes, fluorescent probes, cell apoptosis, reactive small molecules, cellular microenvironment

引用此文

李美含, 王宇童, 刘广建, 吕海娟, 邢国文. 溶酶体荧光探针研究新进展[J]. 有机化学, 2017, 37(2): 356-374.

Li Meihan, Wang Yutong, Liu Guangjian, Lü Haijuan, Xing Guowen. Recent Progress on Lysosome-Targetable Fluorescent Probes[J]. Chin. J. Org. Chem., 2017, 37(2): 356-374.

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