基于亚组分自组装的金属有机超分子研究进展

doi:10.6023/cjoc202012030

摘要/Abstract

亚组分自组装是构建金属有机超分子结构最为简便有效的手段, 利用简单的亚组分单元与金属离子快速组装构建复杂的金属有机超分子结构体系, 已经成为构筑超分子结构的一个重要研究方法. 重点介绍了几种亚组分自组装的金属有机超分子体系, 包括螺旋结构、四面体结构、六面体结构、八面体结构等, 并介绍了利用这些超分子结构的内部空腔所提供了独特的化学微环境, 进行客体的识别、保护、催化、萃取等功能化研究. 此外, 还对基于亚组分自组装的金属有机超分子的发展前景加以展望.

关键词: 亚组分自组装, 金属有机超分子体系, 分子笼, 客体识别, 研究进展

Subcomponent self-assembly is the most convenient and effective method to construct diverse metal-organic supramolecular architectures. It has become a powerful research tool for assembling rapidly together through simple building blocks via formation of covalent bonds around metal ions. This review focuses on the introduction of several metal-organic supramolecular systems based on subcomponent self-assembly, including helical structures, tetrahedral structures, hexahedral structures and octahedral structures. The unique chemical microenvironment which is derived from the internal cavities of these supramolecular structures can be used for guest recognition, protection, catalysis and extraction. Finally, the future development of this field is prospected.

Key words: subcomponent self-assembly, metal-organic supramolecular system, molecular cage, guest recognition, research progress

引用此文

季长兴, 王光霞, 王华. 基于亚组分自组装的金属有机超分子研究进展[J]. 有机化学, 2021, 41(6): 2261-2279.

Changxing Ji, Guangxia Wang, Hua Wang. Progress in Metal-Organic Supramolecular System Based on Subcomponent Self-Assembly[J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2021, 41(6): 2261-2279.

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图/表 27

图1. (a)配合物1和2的合成、(b)配体/亚组分交换、(c)吡啶-2-甲醛及其异构体的选择性

Figure 1. (a) Synthesis of 1 and 2, (b) ligand/subcomponent exchange, and (c) selection of pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde from its isomers

图2. (a)配合物3、(b)配合物4的合成和(c)亚组分自组装得到的自分类产物3和4

Figure 2. Synthesis of (a) 3 and (b) 4, and (c) self-sorting between 3 and 4 via the subcomponent self-assembly

图3. (a)通过亚组分自组装合成双螺旋5和6, 以及(b)双螺旋5~7之间的金属交换

Figure 3. (a) Synthesis of 5 and 6 via the subcomponent self-assembly, and (b) transmetalations between helicates 5~7

图4. 亚组分自组装构建的自分类产物10和11

Figure 4. Self-sorting for complex 10 and 11 via the subcomponent self-assembly

图5. 亚组分自组装构建的螺旋体13和14

Figure 5. Synthesis of 13 and 14 via the subcomponent self-assembly

图6. 三螺旋体16和17的合成示意图

Figure 6. Synthesis and schematic representation of triangular triple helicates 16 and 17

图7. 亚组分自组装构建的手性三螺旋体19

Figure 7. Synthesis of homochiral helicate 19 via subcomponent self-assembly

图8. 螺旋体22和NDI衍生物20

Figure 8. Helicate 22 and NDI derivative 20

图9. 螺旋体24的合成

Figure 9. Synthesis of helicate 24

图10. 螺旋体25、26和27

Figure 10. Helicates 25, 26 and 27

图11. 分子笼29 (a)客体识别、选择以及释放, (b)客体保护, (c) Diels-Alder反应“开关”

Figure 11. Cage 29 for (a) guest recognition, selection and release, (b) protection, and (c) switch control via Diels-Alder reaction

图12. 多步催化反应系统

Figure 12. Multicatalytic system

图13. 通过亚组分自组装合成分子笼33

Figure 13. Synthesis of cage 33 through subcomponent self-assembly

图14. (a)分子笼35的合成和(b)阴离子驱动的相转移分离客体分子

Figure 14. (a) Synthesis of cage 35, and (b) anion exchange drived phase transfer of cage 35 for guest separation

图15. 通过亚组分自组装合成分子笼39、40和41

Figure 15. One-pot synthesis of cages 39, 40 and 41 through subcomponent self-assembly

图16. 通过亚组分自组装合成分子笼43和44

Figure 16. One-pot synthesis of cages 43 and 44 through subcomponent self-assembly

图17. 通过亚组分自组装合成分子笼45

Figure 17. One-pot synthesis of cage 45 through subcomponent self-assembly

图18. 通过亚组分自组装合成分子笼47和48

Figure 18. One-pot synthesis of cages 47 and 48 through subcomponent self-assembly

图19. 通过亚组分自组装合成分子笼50和51

Figure 19. Synthesis of cages 50 and 51 through subcomponent self-assembly

图20. 手性分子笼53~56

Figure 20. Chiral cages 53~56

图21. 分子笼57和58的合成

Figure 21. Synthesis of cage 57 and interlocked cage 58

图22. 分子笼60的合成

Figure 22. Synthesis of cage 60 through subcomponent self-assembly

图23. 六面体分子笼61~63的合成

Figure 23. Synthesis of hexahedral cages 61~63

图24. 六面体分子笼64~67的合成

Figure 24. Synthesis of hexahedral cages 64~67

图25. 亚组分自组装合成六面体分子笼69

Figure 25. One-pot synthesis of hexahedral cage 69 through subcomponent self-assembly

图26. 亚组分自组装合成分子笼70和71

Figure 26. Synthesis of octahedral cages 70 and 71 through subcomponent self-assembly

图27. 分子笼73的合成

Figure 27. Synthesis of octahedral cage 73

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