有机化学 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 1651-1666.DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202201007 上一篇    下一篇

综述与进展

基于有机小分子的聚集诱导猝灭(ACQ)-聚集诱导发射(AIE)转换研究进展

陈思鸿, 许佳敏, 李月媚, 彭宝茹, 罗凌玉, 冯慧烨, 陈兆华, 汪朝阳*()   

  1. 华南师范大学化学学院 教育部环境理论化学重点实验室 广州市生物医学分析化学重点实验东省药品监督管理局手性药物过程控制与质量评价重点实验室 广州 510006
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-05 修回日期:2022-01-25 发布日期:2022-02-17
  • 通讯作者: 汪朝阳
  • 基金资助:
    广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2021A1515012342); 广东省科技计划(2017A010103016)

Research Progress of Aggregation-Caused Quenching (ACQ) to Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) Transformation Based on Organic Small Molecules

Sihong Chen, Jiamin Xu, Yuemei Li, Baoru Peng, Lingyu Luo, Huiye Feng, Zhaohua Chen, Zhaoyang Wang()   

  1. GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006
  • Received:2022-01-05 Revised:2022-01-25 Published:2022-02-17
  • Contact: Zhaoyang Wang
  • Supported by:
    Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021A1515012342); Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Project(2017A010103016)

传统的有机荧光分子大多数具有不良的聚集诱导猝灭(ACQ)效应, 限制了他们在很多领域的应用. 因此, 如何保持传统共轭分子功能特性的同时实现ACQ向聚集诱导发射(AIE)的转变具有十分重要的意义. 近年来许多课题组在该领域做了大量的突破性工作, 根据聚集诱导发射发光分子(AIEgen)的构建方式和结构特点, 将其分为基于分子内运动受限(RIM)机理使用典型AIE基元(如四苯乙烯单元)修饰ACQ基元, 以及基于RIM机理引入三苯胺或氰基乙烯等功能性单元实现零起点构建AIE分子两大类. 在后者中, 一些涉及同分异构与激发态分子内质子转移(ESIPT)机制的其他AIEgen体系的构建在近年比较突出. 基于此分类, 从AIEgen的结构、性能、机制和应用四个方面, 重点综述了近5年国内外从ACQ分子出发合成AIE分子的构建策略.

关键词: 聚集诱导猝灭(ACQ), 聚集诱导发射(AIE), 分子内运动受限(RIM), 分子设计, 合成, 发光应用

Most of the traditional organic fluorescent molecules have notorious aggregation-induced quenching (ACQ) effect, which limits their application in many fields. Therefore, how to achieve the transition from ACQ to aggregation-induced emission (AIE) while maintaining the functional properties of traditional conjugated molecules is of great significance. In recent years, many research groups have done a lot of breakthrough works in this field. According to the construction method and structural characteristics of AIE luminogen (AIEgen), the ACQ to AIE transformation strategy can be divided into two types. Based on the restriction of intramolecular motion (RIM) mechanism, the first one is to decorate ACQphore with typical AIEgen (e.g. tetraphenylethene unit). As the second one, some functional units (e.g. triphenylamine and cyanoethylene moiety) are introduced to realize the construction of AIE molecules from zero starting point as the RIM mechanism. In the latter, the construction of other AIEgen systems involving isomerism and excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanisms has also been prominent recently. Thus, according to these classifications, the new progress on the construction strategy of ACQ-to-AIE transformation in the past five years is summarized from the four aspects of AIEgens’ structure, performance, mechanism and application.

Key words: aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ), aggregation-induced emission (AIE), restriction of intramolecular motion (RIM), molecular design, synthesis, optical application