多功能圆偏振发光有机小分子

doi:10.6023/cjoc202510014

摘要/Abstract

圆偏振发光材料在3D显示等领域展现出广阔的应用前景, 近年来备受关注. 其中, 有机小分子因其结构与性质关系明确等优势, 成为构建圆偏振发光材料的重要体系. 与此同时, 室温磷光及热活化延迟荧光材料可有效利用三重态激子, 聚集诱导发光材料则能避免聚集诱导淬灭现象. 因此, 具有室温磷光、热活化延迟荧光、聚集诱导发光性质的多功能圆偏振发光材料, 不仅显著提升了光学性能与器件效率, 也极大拓宽了其应用范围. 首先简要介绍圆偏振发光有机小分子的基本概念, 进而重点探究了多功能圆偏振发光有机小分子的设计策略、光学性质及器件性能, 最后总结并展望了该类材料当前面临的挑战及未来的研究方向.

关键词: 圆偏振发光, 室温磷光, 热活化延迟荧光, 聚集诱导发光, 有机小分子

Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials have attracted significant research interest in recent years due to their promising applications in areas such as 3D displays, etc. Among various material systems, small organic molecules have emerged as a pivotal platform for constructing CPL-active materials, owing to their well-defined structure-property relationships. Meanwhile, room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials can effectively utilize triplet excitons, while aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials suppress the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) common to traditional fluorophores. Consequently, the integration of RTP, TADF, and AIE functionalities into CPL materials has not only substantially enhanced their optical and device performance but also significantly broadened their application scope. This review begins with a brief introduction to CPL small organic molecules, then focuses on the design strategies, optical properties, and device performance of such multifunctional CPL systems. Finally, it concludes by summarizing the current challenges and future research directions in this field.

Key words: circularly polarized luminescence, room-temperature phosphorescence, thermally activated delayed fluorescence, aggregation-induced emission, small organic molecules

引用此文

张梦媛, 袁之敏. 多功能圆偏振发光有机小分子[J]. 有机化学, 2026, 46(5): 1871-1882.

Mengyuan Zhang, Zhimin Yuan. Multifunctional Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Small Organic Molecules[J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2026, 46(5): 1871-1882.

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图/表 15

图1. 荧光/磷光机理图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of fluorescence/phosphorescence Ex.=excitation; Fluo.=fluorescence; Phos.=phosphorescence; ISC=intersystem crossing; RISC=reverse intersystem crossing.

图2. (a) (R)-1、(S)-1和β-estradiol的化学结构; (b) (R)-2的化学结构

Figure 2. (a) Chemical structures of (R)-1, (S)-1 and β-estradiol; (b) Chemical structure of (R)-2

图3. (a) (S)-3和(R)-3的化学结构; (b) (R)-4和(S)-4的化学结构

Figure 3. (a) Chemical structures of (S)-3 and (R)-3; (b) Chemical structures of (R)-4 and (S)-4

图4. (a) 5~8的化学结构; (b) 9的化学结构

Figure 4. (a) Chemical structures of 5~8; (b) Chemical structure of 9

图5. (a) (R)-10的化学结构; (b) 11和12的化学结构

Figure 5. (a) Chemical structure of (R)-10; (b) Chemical structures of 11 and 12

图6. 13~18的化学结构

Figure 6. Chemical structures of 13~18

Compd.	λ_PL^a/nm	FWHM^a/nm	ΔE_ST^a/eV	Φ_F^b/%	\|g_lum\|^c/10^－3
13	497	26	0.03	90.9	2.9
14	505	28	0.05	86.5	4.7
15	495	25	0.03	92.0	1.9
16	503	29	0.10	92.7	1.7
17	509	29	0.09	91.2	5.4
18	496	25	0.11	92.8	0.6

表1. 13~18的光物理、手性光学性质

Table 1. Photophysical and chiroptical properties of 13~18

图7. 19和20的化学结构

Figure 7. Chemical structures of 19 and 20

图8. 21~23的化学结构

Figure 8. Chemical structures of 21~23

图9. 24~26的化学结构

Figure 9. Chemical structures of 24~26

图10. (a) 27和28的化学结构; (b) 29的化学结构; (c) 30的化学结构

Figure 10. (a) Chemical structures of 27 and 28; (b) Chemical structure of 29; (c) Chemical structure of 30

图11. (a) 化合物31的化学结构; (b) (R/S)-32和(R/S)-33的化学结构

Figure 11. (a) Chemical structure of 31; (b) Chemical structures of (R/S)-32 and (R/S)-33

图12. (a) 34的化学结构; (b) 35的化学结构

Figure 12. (a) Chemical structure of 34; (b) Chemical structure of 35

图13. 36和37的化学结构

Figure 13. Chemical structures of 36 and 37

图14. (a) 38的化学结构; (b) (R)-39的化学结构

Figure 14. (a) Chemical structure of 38; (b) Chemical structure of (R)-39

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