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固体酸催化剂的研究进展

张宇†,a,b, 张睿†,a,b, 王子健a,b, 汪啸*,a,b, 宋术岩*,a,b, 张洪杰a,b,c   

  1. a中国科学院长春应用化学研究所稀土资源利用国家重点实验室 长春 130022;
    b中国科学技术大学应用化学与工程学院 合肥 230026;
    c清华大学化学系 北京 100084
  • 作者简介:张宇,男,中国科学院长春应用化学研究所2024级硕士研究生,研究方向为稀土基催化纳米材料在非均相催化反应中的应用. 张睿,男,中国科学院长春应用化学研究所2022级博士研究生,研究方向为稀土基催化纳米材料在非均相催化反应中的应用.汪啸,男,中国科学院长春应用化学研究所研究员. 2008年毕业于吉林大学化学系,获理学学士学位. 随后,他加入了中国科学院长春应用化学研究所张洪杰研究员的课题组,并于2013年获得无机化学博士学位. 主要从事制备用于异相催化反应和能源相关应用的功能无机材料.宋术岩,男,中国科学院长春应用化学研究所研究员. 2003年毕业于东北师范大学化学系,获理学学士学位;2006年毕业于东北师范大学无机化学系,获理学硕士学位. 他加入了中国科学院长春应用化学研究所张洪杰教授的研究组,并于 2009年获得无机化学博士学位. 主要从事开发用于异相催化、质子传导、化学传感和检测的多孔功能材料. 张洪杰,男,中国科学院长春应用化学研究所研究员. 于1978年获得北京大学理学学士学位. 之后,他在长春应用化学研究所担任研究助理,并于1985年获得无机化学硕士学位,并在该研究所担任助教至1989年. 之后,他在波尔多第一大学、法国国家科学研究中心固体化学实验室学习,并于1993年获得固体化学和材料科学博士学位. 1994年,他加入中国科学院长春应用化学研究所,担任研究员. 他目前的研究方向主要集中在镧系元素功能纳米材料方面.
  • 基金资助:
    受国家科技重大专项基金(2021YFB350400)、国家自然科学基金(22020102003、22025506、22271274、U23A20140)和吉林省科技发展计划项目(20230101022JC)资助.

Current Advances of Solid Acid Catalysts

Zhang Yu†,a,b, Zhang Rui†,a,b, Wang Zijiana,b, Wang Xiao*,a,b, Song Shuyan*,a,b, Zhang Hongjiea,b,c   

  1. aState Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022;
    bSchool of Applied Chemistry and Engineerin, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026;
    cDepartment of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
  • Contact: *E-mail: wangxiao@ciac.ac.cn; songsy@ciac.ac.cn
  • About author:These authors contributed equally to this work
  • Supported by:
    financial aid from National Science and Technology Major Project of China (2022YFB350400), National Natural Science Foundation of China (22020102003, 22025506, 22271274 and U23A20140) and Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan Project (20230101022JC).

固体酸是一类制备过程简单、环境污染小且催化活性高的催化材料,在烷基化、异构化和酯化反应等多种化学过程中表现出卓越的催化活性. 然而,其稳定性不足和再生活性低下的问题,很大程度上制约了其在大规模工业生产中的应用. 因此,开发兼具高活性和高稳定性的新型固体酸催化剂具有极其重要的研究价值和意义. 本文介绍了常用固体酸催化剂的概念、分类、合成方法以及表征技术,并引入一些经过稀土改性的固体酸催化剂的应用研究进展. 本文主要着重于研究固体酸催化剂酸性质对于催化性能的影响(如酸强度、酸含量、酸位点种类等),而不是传统的物化性质(如比表面积、晶相、表面形貌等). 最后,我们对固体酸催化剂的发展前景进行了展望.

关键词: 固体酸, 催化剂, 合成, 表征, 稀土

With the increasing awareness of environmental protection and the in-depth implementation of sustainable development strategies, the commonly used liquid acid catalysts in traditional chemical production processes are facing the pressure of elimination or substitution due to their high corrosiveness, difficulty in recycling and potential environmental impact. Solid acids, renowned for their straightforward preparation, minimal ecological footprint, and exceptional catalytic prowess, have become the focus of scientific research and industrial attention. Currently, solid acid catalysts have been proven to be efficient in catalyzing diverse chemical reactions such as alkylation, isomerization, and esterification reactions. Nevertheless, their extensive industrial adoption is significantly hindered by the challenges of suboptimal stability and limited reusability. Developing advanced solid acid catalysts with high activity and stability is of great value and significance in both theoretical research and experimental exploration. A significant amount of notable fundamental research has been devoted to overcoming these limitations, and this review summarizes the scientific and technological work devoted to the preparation of efficient solid acid catalysts. At the same time, we highlight the importance of rare earth elements for modification of solid acid catalysts due to their unique multi-electronic bonding and coordinated variability nature, which can have a positive effect on the structural evolution of acid catalysts, thereby improving the activity and stability of solid acid catalysts. This review initially presents concept, classification, synthesis methods and characterization of commonly used solid acid catalysts. Beyond that, we introduce the represented research progress of rare earth elements modified solid acid catalysts. The main emphasis of this review is investigating the contribution of acid properties to the catalytic performance (e.g., acid strength, acid content, type of acid sites, etc.), rather than the traditional physical and chemical properties (e.g., specific surface area, crystalline structure, morphology). Finally, we present the challenges of the existing catalytic systems and prospects of this field.

Key words: solid acid, catalyst, synthesis, characterization, rare earth