基于新型近红外受体的高效半透明有机太阳能电池

doi:10.6023/A25070248

化学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 83 ›› Issue (10): 1157-1165.DOI: 10.6023/A25070248 上一篇下一篇

研究论文

基于新型近红外受体的高效半透明有机太阳能电池

李园圆^a^,^†, 杨云帆^a^,^†, 魏擎亚^b, 徐翔^c, 袁俊^a, 王瑞松^d, 邹应萍^a^,^*()

^a 中南大学化学化工学院长沙 410083
^b 杭州电子科技大学电子信息学院浙江杭州 310018
^c 宁德时代21C创新实验室宁德 352102
^d 湖南兴湘投资控股集团有限公司长沙 410029

投稿日期:2025-07-05 发布日期:2025-08-28
通讯作者: 邹应萍
作者简介:
† 共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52125306); 国家自然科学基金(U24A2081); 国家自然科学基金(22379167)

Highly Efficient Semi-transparent Organic Solar Cells based on a New Near-infrared Acceptor

Yuanyuan Li^a, Yunfan Yang^a, Qingya Wei^b, Xiang Xu^c, Jun Yuan^a, Ruisong Wang^d, Yingping Zou^a^,^*()

^a College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083
^b School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018
^c 21C LAB, Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, Ningde 352102, China
^d Hunan Xingxiang Investment Holding Group Co., Ltd, Changsha 410029

Received:2025-07-05 Published:2025-08-28
Contact: Yingping Zou
About author:
† contributed equally to this work
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52125306); National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A2081); National Natural Science Foundation of China(22379167)

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1. Supporting information-A25070248.pdf(1462KB)

摘要/Abstract

目前高性能有机太阳能电池给/受体材料吸收范围集中在可见光区域, 与半透明有机太阳能电池(ST-OSCs)对高可见光透过率(AVT)的需求存在冲突. 针对此问题, 本工作设计合成了一类新型近红外吸收受体材料W-4Cl, W-4Cl的最大吸收峰(λ_max)位于892 nm, 吸收边带(λ_onset)位于990 nm. 基于此近红外吸收特性将其与给体PTB7-Th共混, 系统研究了该体系在不透明和半透明OSCs中的光伏性能. 以1-氯萘(CN)为添加剂, 通过调控其含量, 基于PTB7-Th:W-4Cl的不透明电池获得了14.10%的光电转化效率(PCE), 为目前PTB7-Th基不透明电池的最高PCE之一. 为提升ST-OSCs的光利用率(LUE), 采用稀释给体策略, 降低强可见光吸收的PTB7-Th含量, 以平衡ST-OSCs的PCE和AVT. 通过优化顶电极超薄Ag层和Cu电极种子层的厚度, 选用高折射率的材料三氧化钼(MoO₃)作为覆盖层并优化其厚度, 最终获得了显色指数(CRI)为86.53, AVT为44.45%, LUE为3.81%的ST-OSCs, 满足建筑窗户和汽车天窗等多场景应用对兼具视觉舒适性与能量收集效率的需求.

关键词: 有机太阳能电池, 半透明, 近红外小分子受体, 光学调控

In this work, we designed and synthesized a new near-infrared (NIR) acceptor material W-4Cl featuring a narrow bandgap of 1.25 eV. W-4Cl exhibits a maximum absorption peak (λ_max) at 892 nm and an absorption edge (λ_onset) at 990 nm, outperforming classical NIR acceptors (e.g., Y6: λ_max 836 nm). Blending with the donor PTB7-Th, conventional organic solar cells (OSCs) and semi-transparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs) were fabricated. By employing 1-chloronaphthalene (CN) as an additive and optimizing its content to 4% (φ), the OSCs based on PTB7-Th:W-4Cl obtained a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.10%, with a high J_SC of 26.59 mA• cm⁻², V_OC of 0.764 V, and FF of 68.44%, which is one of the highest reported values for PTB7-Th-based OSCs. In order to improve the light utilization efficiency (LUE) of ST-OSCs, the donor dilution strategy was adopted using a PTB7-Th:W-4Cl mass ratio of 1∶2, reducing the content of the strongly visible-absorbing PTB7-Th donor to balance PCE and average visible transmittance (AVT). Subsequently, the thickness of top electrode consisting of ultra-thin Ag layer and Cu seed layer was finely tuned to 3 nm Cu/8 nm Ag for optimal conductivity-transparency compromise. Besides, the MoO₃ cover layer was employed with optimized film thickness of 35 nm. Consequently, the optimized ST-OSCs achieved a high color rendering index (CRI) of 86.53, an AVT of 44.45%, and an LUE of 3.81%. Charge dynamics analysis confirmed enhanced exciton dissociation (95.4%) and balanced carrier mobility (μ_h/μ_e=1.079) in optimized devices. This performance meets the requirements for applications such as building windows and automotive sunroofs, positioning the work among top-reported ST-OSCs in LUE-AVT-CRI synergy.

Key words: organic solar cells, semi-transparent, near-infrared small molecule acceptors, optical control

引用此文

李园圆, 杨云帆, 魏擎亚, 徐翔, 袁俊, 王瑞松, 邹应萍. 基于新型近红外受体的高效半透明有机太阳能电池[J]. 化学学报, 2025, 83(10): 1157-1165.

Yuanyuan Li, Yunfan Yang, Qingya Wei, Xiang Xu, Jun Yuan, Ruisong Wang, Yingping Zou. Highly Efficient Semi-transparent Organic Solar Cells based on a New Near-infrared Acceptor[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2025, 83(10): 1157-1165.

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图/表 16

图1. (a)聚合物给体材料PTB7-Th; (b)近红外小分子受体材料W-4Cl的分子结构式; (c) PTB7-Th和W-4Cl薄膜的紫外-可见吸收光谱; (d)半透明有机太阳能电池的结构示意图

Figure 1. (a) Polymer donor material PTB7-Th; (b) Molecular structure of NIR small molecule acceptor material W-4Cl; (c) UV-visible absorption spectra of PTB7-Th and W-4Cl thin films; (d) Device structure of semi-transparent organic solar cell

Donor/Acceptor	λ_max/nm	λ_onset/nm	E^opt/eV
PTB7-Th	698	770	1.61
W-4Cl	892	990	1.25

表1. PTB7-Th和W-4Cl薄膜的吸收特性

Table 1. Absorption properties of PTB7-Th and W-4Cl films

图2. 不同添加剂含量的PTB7-Th:W-4Cl基不透明器件的(a) J-V曲线和(b) EQE曲线

Figure 2. (a) J-V curve and (b) EQE curve of PTB7-Th:W-4Cl-based opaque device with different additive content

φ(CN)/%	V_OC/V	J_SC/(mA•cm⁻²)	FF/%	J_cal/(mA•cm⁻²)	PCE/%
0	0.780	25.31	57.65	24.11	11.23
1	0.769	25.33	64.11	24.29	12.50
2	0.768	25.93	66.81	25.01	13.32
3	0.764	25.87	69.33	24.90	13.73
4	0.764	26.59	68.44	25.39	14.10
5	0.762	24.50	70.33	23.68	13.15

表2. 不同添加剂含量的PTB7-Th:W-4Cl基不透明器件光伏参数

Table 2. Photovoltaic parameters of the PTB7-Th:W-4Cl-based opaque device with different additive content

Blend film	V_OC/V	J_SC/(mA•cm⁻²)	FF/%	PCE/%	Ref.
PTB7-Th:PC₇₁BM	0.79	16.92	71.5	9.54	[24]
PTB7-Th:MDCzM-4H	1.03	15.87	62.2	10.17	[25]
PTB7-Th:MDCzM-4F	0.965	20.92	69.8	14.09	[25]
PTB7-Th:L8-BO	0.72	23.4	62.4	10.5	[26]
PTB7-Th:BTPSV-4F	0.66	28.4	69.5	13.0	[27]
PTB7-Th:BTPSeV-4F	0.66	30.1	71.4	14.2	[27]
PTB7-Th: BZO-4Cl	0.706	28.33	70.62	14.12	[11]
PTB7-Th:COTIC-4F	0.551	24.95	61	8.41	[28]
PTB7-Th:ATT-9	0.663	30.0	67.2	13.35	[29]
PTB7-Th:DTC-T-F	0.78	17.46	65	8.8	[30]
PTB7-Th:F-BTA5	1.03	15.29	65.78	10.36	[31]
PTB7-Th:3TT-FIC	0.66	25.89	71.20	12.21	[32]
PTB7-Th:O-IDTBR	1.00	15.2	63.0	9.57	[33]
PTB7-Th: FOIC	0.734	22.94	65.33	11.01	[34]

表3. 已报道的PTB7-Th基OSCs性能参数

Table 3. Photovoltaic parameters of the previously reported OSCs based on PTB7-Th

图3. PTB7-Th:W-4Cl器件的Veff -Jph曲线

Figure 3. Veff -Jph curves of the PTB7-Th:W-4Cl-based device

Blend film	P_diss	P_coll	α	nkT/q	μ_h/(cm²•V⁻¹•s⁻¹)	μ_e/(cm²•V⁻¹•s⁻¹)	μ_e/μ_h
0% CN	93.9%	73.8%	0.995	1.20	6.6×10⁻⁵	5.3×10⁻⁵	0.803
4% CN	95.4%	81.4%	0.999	1.19	7.6×10⁻⁵	8.2×10⁻⁵	1.079

表4. 含0%和4% CN的PTB7-Th:W-4Cl器件的电荷传输性能参数

Table 4. Detailed charge transport performance for PTB7-Th:W-4Cl devices with 0% and 4% CN

图4. 基于0% CN和4% CN的PTB7-Th:W-4Cl器件: (a) JSC-Plight特性曲线; (b) VOC-Plight特征曲线; (c)电子迁移率曲线; (d)空穴迁移率曲线

Figure 4. PTB7-Th:W-4Cl device with 0% CN and 4% CN content: (a) Characteristic curve of JSC-Plight; (b) Characteristic curve of VOC-Plight; (c) Electron mobility curve; (d) Hole mobility curve

图5. (a)不同D/A比值PTB7-Th:W-4Cl半透明器件的J-V曲线; (b)透射曲线

Figure 5. (a) J-V curves of PTB7-Th:W-4Cl semi-transparent devices with different D/A ratios; (b) Transmittance curve

D/A Ratio	V_OC/V	J_SC/(mA•cm⁻²)	FF/%	PCE/%	CRI	AVT/%	LUE/%
1∶1.2	0.757	19.92	57.4	8.67	69.84	30.44	2.63
1∶2	0.756	18.33	60.3	8.38	75.55	33.51	2.81
1∶3	0.755	16.76	57.7	7.32	76.21	33.90	2.48

表5. 不同D/A比的PTB7-Th:W-4Cl半透明器件性能

Table 5. Photovoltaic performance of PTB7-Th:W-4Cl semi-transparent devices with different D/A ratios

图6. (a)不同顶部电极结构的PTB7-Th:W-4Cl半透明器件J-V曲线; (b)透光率曲线

Figure 6. (a) J-V curves of PTB7-Th:W-4Cl semi-transparent devices with different top electrode structures; (b) Transmittance curve

Top electrode structures	V_OC/V	J_SC/(mA•cm⁻²)	FF/%	PCE/%	AVT/%	LUE/%
3 nm Cu＋6 nm Ag	0.757	17.78	58.1	7.82	38.92	3.04
3 nm Cu＋8 nm Ag	0.754	18.45	65.4	9.11	36.05	3.28
3 nm Cu＋10 nm Ag	0.747	19.29	64.5	9.31	31.73	2.95
1 nm Cu＋8 nm Ag	0.757	17.49	56.6	7.43	36.99	2.74
5 nm Cu＋8 nm Ag	0.753	20.59	66.3	10.19	27.56	2.80

表6. 不同顶部电极结构PTB7-Th:W-4Cl半透明器件的性能参数

Table 6. Photovoltaic performance parameters of PTB7-Th:W-4Cl semi-transparent devices with different top electrode structures

图7. (a)不同MoO3结构的PTB7-Th:W-4Cl半透明器件J-V曲线; (b) EQE曲线; (c)透射率曲线; (d) CIE 1931xyz色度图

Figure 7. (a) J-V curves of PTB7-Th:W-4Cl semi-transparent devices with different MoO3 structures; (b) EQE curve; (c) Transmittance curve; (d) CIE 1931xyz chromaticity diagram

Top electrode structures	V_OC/V	J_SC/(mA•cm⁻²)	FF/%	PCE/%	CRI	AVT/%	LUE/%
3 nm Cu＋8 nm Ag	0.754	18.45	65.4	9.11	75.52	36.05	3.28
＋35 nm MoO₃	0.750	17.30	66.1	8.58	86.53	44.45	3.81
＋45 nm MoO₃	0.750	17.73	61.0	8.12	87.11	36.27	2.95

表7. 不同MoO3结构的半透明器件性能参数

Table 7. Photovoltaic performance parameters of semi-transparent devices with different MoO3 structures

图8. (a)背景图; (b)未沉积MoO3和(c)沉积35 nm MoO3 PTB7-Th: W-4Cl半透明器件(附在相机上), 以中南讲堂为背景拍摄

Figure 8. (a) Background picture; (b) Unvaporized MoO3 and (c) Vaporized 35 nm MoO3 PTB7-Th:W-4Cl semi-transparent device attached to the camera, taken with the Central South Lecture Hall

图9. (a)背景图; (b) PTB7-Th:W-4Cl透过半透明器件拍照图片

Figure 9. (a) Background picture; (b) PTB7-Th:W-4Cl translucent device to take pictures

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基于新型近红外受体的高效半透明有机太阳能电池

Highly Efficient Semi-transparent Organic Solar Cells based on a New Near-infrared Acceptor

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