弱作用基有机发光材料

doi:10.6023/cjoc202404041

有机化学 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (8): 2453-2468.DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202404041 上一篇下一篇

综述与进展

弱作用基有机发光材料

沈钇灼^a, 罗康为^a, 徐清洋^a^,^b^,^c, 张鉴予^d, 孙景志^a^,^c, 张浩可^a^,^b^,^c^,^*(), 唐本忠^a^,^e^,^*()

a 浙江大学高分子科学与工程学系高分子合成与功能构造教育部重点实验室杭州 310058
b 浙江大学杭州国际科创中心浙江-以色列自组装功能材料联合实验室杭州 311215
c 浙江大学绍兴研究院生命健康研究中心大健康材料分中心浙江绍兴 312000
d 格罗宁根大学 Stratingh化学研究所格罗宁根 9747 AG 荷兰
e 香港中文大学(深圳)理工学院深圳分子聚集体科学与工程研究院广东深圳 518172

收稿日期:2024-04-29 修回日期:2024-05-30 发布日期:2024-06-24
作者简介:
† 共同第一作者.
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(22205197); 浙江大学大学生科研训练(X2023349)

Weak Interaction-Based Organic Luminescent Materials

Yizhuo Shen^a, Kangwei Luo^a, Qingyang Xu^a^,^b^,^c, Jianyu Zhang^d, JingZhi Sun^a^,^c, Haoke Zhang^a^,^b^,^c(), BenZhong Tang^a^,^e()

a MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058
b Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215
c Centre of Healthcare Materials, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000
d Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
e School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong 518172

Received:2024-04-29 Revised:2024-05-30 Published:2024-06-24
Contact: *E-mail: zhanghaoke@zju.edu.cn; tangbenz@cuhk.edu.cn
About author:
† These authors contributed equally to this work.
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(22205197); Student Research Training Program of Zhejiang University(X2023349)

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摘要/Abstract

近年来, 在非共轭甚至完全不含π电子的结构中发现的反常发光现象引起了人们的广泛关注. 然而, 由于其发光机制不清以及发光性能较差, 导致这一领域的发展较为缓慢. 总结了近年来在此类弱作用基发光材料的空间共轭机理研究及性能调控方面的最新研究进展. 首先, 基于非共轭多芳基烷烃机理研究模型, 提出了弱作用基发光材料的空间共轭机制, 并开发了空间共轭的构象和基元电子结构调控策略, 基于这些策略成功开发出了高效率全光色发射的弱作用基发光聚合物. 与此同时, 研究发现空间共轭在传统具有共轭结构的扭转分子中也广泛存在, 被认为是聚集诱导发光效应的一个重要发光机理.

关键词: 空间共轭, 弱相互作用, 荧光, 多芳基烷烃, 聚集诱导发光

In recent years, the abnormal luminescent phenomena discovered in non-conjugated structures or even lacking π-electrons have drawn widespread attention. However, due to unclear luminescent mechanisms and poor luminescent performance, the development in this field has been relatively slow. In this review, the latest research progress in the through-space conjugation (TSC) mechanism and performance regulation of weak interaction-based luminescent materials in recent years is summarized. Firstly, based on the mechanism research model of non-conjugated multiarylalkanes, the TSC mechanism of weak interaction-based luminescent materials is proposed. Strategies have been developed for regulating TSC intensity by changing the conformation of molecules and the electronic structure of subunits, leading to the successful development of weak interaction-based luminescent polymers with highly efficient full-color emission. Meanwhile, it is found that TSC widely exists in twisted molecules with π-conjugated structure, believed to be an important luminescent mechanism for aggregation-induced emission effect.

Key words: through-space conjugation, weak interaction, fluorescence, multiarylalkanes, aggregation-induced emission

引用此文

沈钇灼, 罗康为, 徐清洋, 张鉴予, 孙景志, 张浩可, 唐本忠. 弱作用基有机发光材料[J]. 有机化学, 2024, 44(8): 2453-2468.

Yizhuo Shen, Kangwei Luo, Qingyang Xu, Jianyu Zhang, JingZhi Sun, Haoke Zhang, BenZhong Tang. Weak Interaction-Based Organic Luminescent Materials[J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2024, 44(8): 2453-2468.

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图/表 14

图1. 价键共轭与空间共轭的机理示意图

Figure 1. Mechanism schematic diagram of through-bond and through-space conjugation

图2. (a)含二苯甲烷基元寡聚物的结构和(b)寡聚物中的空间共轭强度与分子长度的非线性关系[67]

Figure 2. (a) Structures of the oligomers containing diphenylmethane units, and (b) non-linear relationship between TSC strength and molecular length in oligomers[67]

图3. 不同水含量下三种DPM衍生物的PL谱图(a~c); 激发态最优构象下的(d)相互作用区域指示函数的等值面图和(e)结构参数对比[68]

Figure 3. PL spectra (a~c) of three DPM derivatives under different water fractions; (d) Isosurface plots of the interaction region indicator function for the optimized excited-state conformation; (e) Comparison of structural parameters[68]

图4. (a)三种三联苯甲烷同分异构体的化学结构和晶体结构; (b) p-TBPM, (c) m-TBPM和(d) o-TBPM的固态变激发PL谱图[73]

Figure 4. (a) Chemical and crystal structures of three isomers of tri(biphenyl)methane; (b) Solid-state PL spectra of p-TBPM, (c) m-TBPM, and (d) o-TBPM under different excitations[73]

图5. 在乙腈/水混合溶剂中(a) 222-TNM, (b) 122-TNM, (c) 112-TNM和(d) 111-TNM不同水含量的PL谱图; (e)四个同分异构体的分子间和分子内相互作用以及空间共轭变化趋势图; (f)四个分子的发光性能与聚集体刚性的变化趋势图[75]

Figure 5. (a) PL spectra of 222-TNM, (b) 122-TNM, (c) 112-TNM, and (d) 111-TNM at different water fractions in acetonitrile/water mixtures; (e) Trends in intermolecular and intramolecular interactions as well as TSC strength changes for the four constitutional isomers; (f) Trends in the luminescent properties and rigidity of aggregates for the four molecules[75]

图6. 四苯基烷烃中空间共轭强度对烷基链长度的奇偶效应[77]

Figure 6. Odd-even effect of alkyl chain length on TSC strength in tetraphenylalkanes[77]

图7. (a) C3-TPA, Me-C3-TPA和Ph-C3-TPA在溶液中的吸收谱图; (b) C3-TPA, (c) Me-C3-TPA和(d) Ph-C3-TPA的变激发波长固体发射谱图[79]

Figure 7. (a) Absorption spectra of C3-TPA, Me-C3-TPA, and Ph-C3-TPA in solution; Solid-state emission spectra of (b) C3-TPA, (c) Me-C3-TPA, and (d) Ph-C3-TPA at variable excitation wavelengths[79]

图8. 三苯甲烷中通过在苯环上引入吸电子基来增强空间共轭[81]

Figure 8. Enhancing TSC in triphenylmethane by introducing electron-withdrawing groups on the phenyl rings[81]

图9. (a~b) DMA-CN-DPM和(e~f) DMA-CN-BP在乙腈/水的混合溶液中随水含量的增加的PL光谱及其波长和发光强度随水含量变化的趋势图, (c) DMA-CN-DPM和(g) DMA-CN-BP在不同极性溶剂中的发射峰变化趋势图(d) DMA-CN-DPM和(h) DMA- CN-BP的变温PL光谱[88]

Figure 9. (a~b) PL spectra of DMA-CN-DPM and (e~f) DMA-CN-BP in acetonitrile/water mixed solvent as a function of increasing water fraction, along with trend graphs showing the variation of emission wavelength and intensity with different water fraction. Trend graph showing the emission peak variation of (c) DMA-CN-DPM and (g) DMA-CN-BP in different polar solvents. Temperature-dependent PL spectra of (d) DMA-CN-DPM and (h) DMA-CN-BP[88]

图10. (a) TPMI-X的多重发射机理示意图, (b) TPMI-Cl, (c) TPMI-Br和(d) TPMI-I在固态下的变激发PL谱图[89]

Figure 10. (a) Schematic diagram of the multiple emission mechanism of TPMI-X; Solid-state PL spectra of (b) TPMI-Cl, (c) TPMI-Br, and (d) TPMI-I under variable excitation wavelengths[89]

图11. (a,b) An-MO-PR和(c,d) Bn-MO-PR在(a,c)高浓度溶液和(b,d)固态下的变激发PL谱图[90]

Figure 11. PL spectra of (a,b) An-MO-PR and (c,d) Bn-MO-PR in (a,c) high-concentration solution and (b,d) in the solid state under variable excitation wavelengths[90]

图12. 使用(a)普通检测器和(b)近红外检测器检测PDPM在1 mol/L的THF溶液中的变激发谱图; (c) PDPM变浓度和变激发的荧光照片; (d) PDPM在不同浓度下的EPR谱图[98]

Figure 12. PL spectra of PDPM in a 1 mol/L THF solution using (a) standard detector and (b) near-infrared detector under variable excitation wavelengths; (c) fluorescence images of PDPM at varying concentrations and excitation wavelengths; (d) EPR spectrum of PDPM at different concentrations[98]

图13. 四苯基乙烯(TPE)的空间共轭发光机理[101]

Figure 13. TSC-based luminescence mechanism of tetraphenylethylene (TPE)[101]

图14. (a)三联苯异构体p-TPh, m-TPh和o-TPh的化学结构和单晶结构下的构象参数; (b)三联苯异构体的溶液态下吸收谱图以及在DMF/水的混合溶液中PL谱图; (c)三联苯异构体的激发态电子结构计算及空间共轭发光机理[103]

Figure 14. (a) Chemical structures and conformational parameters of the isomers p-TPh, m-TPh, and o-TPh in single-crystal state; (b) Absorption spectra of the isomeric triphenylbenzenes in solution state and PL spectra in DMF/water mixtures; (c) Computational analysis of the excited-state electronic structure and TSC-based luminescence mechanism for the isomeric triphenylbenzenes[103]

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弱作用基有机发光材料

Weak Interaction-Based Organic Luminescent Materials

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