灵芝杂萜的全合成研究进展

doi:10.6023/cjoc202409039

摘要/Abstract

灵芝杂萜是一类由芳香基团和萜类片段构成的天然产物. 近年来由中国科学家发现了一系列具有新颖碳环骨架及不同氧化度的灵芝杂萜, 并表现出抗肾纤维化、抗炎、抗阿尔兹海默症、抗氧化、降血糖以及阻滞钙离子通道等活性, 因此引起了药理学家和合成化学家的广泛关注. 本综述选取其中具有代表性的灵芝杂萜, 概括了其全合成研究进展.

关键词: 灵芝, 杂萜, 全合成

Ganoderma meroterpenoids are natural products containing aromatic ring with terpenoid fragments. In recent years, numerous Ganoderma meroterpenoids with novel carbon skeleton and different oxidation state were discovered by Chinese scientists. Among these natural product, anti-renal fibrosis, anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer’s disease, antioxidant, hypoglycemic activities and calcium channel inhibitory were reported. Therefore, these natural products have attracted attention from pharmacology and synthetic chemists. The progress on the total synthesis of Ganoderma meroterpenoids is summarized.

Key words: Ganoderma, meroterpenoids, total synthesis

引用此文

高志宇, 路雪娜, 李奕晴, 任丽, 郝宏东. 灵芝杂萜的全合成研究进展[J]. 有机化学, 2025, 45(3): 814-836.

Zhiyu Gao, Xuena Lu, Yiqing Li, Li Ren, Hongdong Hao. Advances in the Total Synthesis of Ganoderma Meroterpenoids[J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2025, 45(3): 814-836.

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图/表 34

图1. 灵芝杂萜代表性天然产物

Figure 1. Selected representative meroterpenoids isolated from Ganoderma

图式1. Linzhiol的全合成

Scheme 1. Total syntheses of linzhiol

图式2. 杨震小组的(–)-lingzhiol全合成

Scheme 2. Yang’s total synthesis of (–)-lingzhiol

图式3. 秦红波小组的(±)-lingzhiol第一代全合成

Scheme 3. Qin’s first-generation total synthesis of (±)-lingzhiol

图式4. 秦红波小组的(+)-lingzhiol第二代全合成

Scheme 4. Qin’s second-generation total synthesis of (+)-lingzhiol

图式5. 秦红波小组的(–)-lingzhiol的第三代全合成

Scheme 5. Qin’s third-generation total synthesis of (–)-lingzhiol

图式6. Birman小组的(±)-lingzhiol全合成

Scheme 6. Birman’s total synthesis of (±)-lingzhiol

图式7. (A)谢平小组的(±)-lingzhiol全合成和(B) Schindler小组的lingzhiol不对称合成

Scheme 7. (A) Xie’s total synthesis of (±)-lingzhiol, and (B) Schindler’s asymmetric total synthesis of (+)- and (–)-lingzhiol

图式8. Maier小组的(±)-lingzhiol全合成

Scheme 8. Maier’s total synthesis of (±)-lingzhiol

图式9. Lingzhilactone B的全合成

Scheme 9. Total syntheses of lingzhilactone B

图式10. 秦红波小组的(±)-lingzhilactone B全合成

Scheme 10. Qin’s total synthesis of (±)-lingzhilactone B

图式11. 杨震小组的(±)-lingzhilactone B和(±)-sinensilactam A的全合成

Scheme 11. Yang’s total synthesis of (±)-lingzhilactone B and (±)-sinensilactam A

图式12. 秦红波小组的(+)-lingzhilactone B、C和(+)-sinensilactam A的全合成

Scheme 12. Qin’s total synthesis of (+)-lingzhilactone B, C and (+)-sinensilactam A

图式13. Magauer小组对片段105的合成

Scheme 13. Magauer’s synthesis of fragment 105

图式14. 自由基加成串联aldol反应对Ganoapplanin母核的构建

Scheme 14. Construction the core skeleton of ganoapplanin through radical addition/aldol reaction cascade

图式15. Magauer小组的(±)-ganoapplanin全合成

Scheme 15. Magauer’s total synthesis of (±)-ganoapplanin

图式16. Magauer小组的(±)-lingzhiol、(±)-lingzhilactone B、(±)-applanatumol E的全合成

Scheme 16. Magauer’s total synthesis of (±)-lingzhiol, (±)-lingzhilactone B and (±)-applanatumol E

图式17. 秦红波小组的(±)-cochlearol A全合成

Scheme 17. Qin’s total synthesis of (±)-cochlearol A

图式18. Ishigami小组的(±)-cochlearol A形式合成

Scheme 18. Ishigami's formal synthesis of (±)-cochlearol A

图式19. Chandrasekhar小组的(±)-cochlearol A形式合成

Scheme 19. Chandrasekhar’s formal synthesis of (±)-cochlearol A

图式20. 李清江和王洪根小组的(±)-ganocins B和C全合成

Scheme 20. Li and Wang’s total synthesis of (±)-ganocins B and C

图式21. 赵玉明小组的(±)-ganocins A~C全合成

Scheme 21. Zhao’s total synthesis of (±)-ganocins A~C

图式22. Sugita小组的(–)-cochlearol B全合成

Scheme 22. Sugita’s total synthesis of (–)-cochlearol B

图式23. Sugita小组的(+)-ganocin A全合成

Scheme 23. Sugita’s total synthesis of (+)-ganocin A

图式24. Schindler小组的(+)-cochlearol B全合成

Scheme 24. Schindler’s total synthesis of (+)-cochlearol B

图式25. 唐宇和李德海小组的(±)-cochlearol B和(±)-ganocin A全合成

Scheme 25. Tang and Li’s total synthesis of (±)-cochlearol B and (±)-ganocin A

图式26. 赵玉明小组的(±)-cochlearol B全合成

Scheme 26. Zhao’s total synthesis of (±)-cochlearol B

图式27. Lucidumone的全合成

Scheme 27. Total syntheses of lucidumone

图式28. 厍学功小组的lucidumone合成研究

Scheme 28. She’s synthetic study toward lucidumone

图式29. De la Torre小组的(+)-lucidumone全合成

Scheme 29. De la Torre’s total synthesis of (+)-lucidumone

图式30. Ito和Kawamoto小组的(–)-lucidumone全合成

Scheme 30. Ito and Kawamoto’s total synthesis of (–)-lucidumone

图式31. 李广小组的(–)-lucidumone全合成

Scheme 31. Li’s total synthesis of (–)-lucidumone

图式32. 胡安华小组/郭婧婧小组的(±)-lucidumone全合成

Scheme 32. Hu’s total synthesis of (±)-lucidumone

图2. 其他已报道全合成的灵芝杂萜天然产物

Figure 2. Other reported total synthesis of Ganoderma meroterpenoids

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