共价有机框架的设计及其在催化C—H活化领域的应用进展

doi:10.6023/cjoc202410015

摘要/Abstract

共价有机框架(COFs)作为新兴多孔材料, 因其独特的可设计性、较高的孔隙度和结晶度以及可修饰的孔道环境, 有望成为催化领域中一种重要的催化剂. 近年来, 随着对COFs材料研究的逐渐深入, 人们对其结构设计更为多样化, 逐渐探索出多种有关COFs材料的构建策略, 使其在催化领域中展现出非凡的应用前景. 因此, 从COFs材料的基本结构出发, 全面地讨论了常见的构建策略, 并列举部分COFs材料在C—H活化领域的实际应用, 详细介绍其在这些反应中的催化机理. 最后, 讨论了COFs材料当前在催化领域面临的问题与困境, 期望为COFs材料在催化C—H活化领域未来的发展提供有益指导.

关键词: 共价有机框架, 构建策略, C—H活化

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are emerging as significant porous materials in the field of catalysis, owing to their unique designability, high porosity, favorable crystallinity, and customizable pore environments. Recent advancements in COFs research have led to increased structural diversity and the exploration of various construction strategies, showcasing their remarkable application prospects in catalysis. This paper offers a comprehensive overview of common strategies employed in constructing COFs based on their fundamental structures. Additionally, several practical applications of COFs in C—H activation are highlighted, elucidating the catalytic mechanisms involved in these reactions. Finally, the current challenges and issues confronting COFs in the realm of catalysis are explored, intending to provide valuable guidance for their future development in C—H activation.

Key words: covalent organic frameworks (COFs), modification schemes, C—H activation

引用此文

王轩, 柳茂陈, 钟瑶, 宋仁杰. 共价有机框架的设计及其在催化C—H活化领域的应用进展[J]. 有机化学, 2025, 45(2): 448-465.

Xuan Wang, Maochen Liu, Yao Zhong, Renjie Song. Advances in Design of Covalent Organic Frameworks and Their Application in Catalytic C—H Activation[J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2025, 45(2): 448-465.

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图/表 22

图1. 构建COFs的常见骨架

Figure 1. Typical structures used to build COFs

图2. F-COF、Cl-COF和Br-COF的合成

图3. COFs中的常见的连接方式

Figure 3. Typical connections in COFs

图4. NKCOF-11-AA与NKCOF-11-ABC的合成, 及其对应的PXRD与二维晶体结构的顶视图和侧视图

图5. Cy-N3-COF的合成

图6. TBD-COF和TBC-COF的合成

图7. NQ-COFE5-O的合成

Figure 7. Synthesis of NQ-COFE5-O

图8. COF-SH和CsPbX3@COF-SH的合成

Figure 8. Synthesis of COF-SH and CsPbX3@COF-SH

图9. (a) Pd@TpBpy的合成、(b)负载前后的PXRD和(c) Pd@TpBpy串联催化反应

图10. Cu@IISERP-COF9催化Glaser-Hay反应

Figure 10. Glaser-Hay reaction catalyzed by Cu@IISERP-COF9

图11. TPT-COF-Cu催化末端炔与H-膦酸盐的偶联反应.

Figure 11. Coupling reaction between terminal acetylene and H-phosphonate catalyzed by TPT-COF-Cu

图12. TG-DMPZ催化C(sp)—H与CO2的羧基化反应

Figure 12. Carboxylation of C(sp)—H with CO2 catalyzed by TG-DMPZ

图13. 2D-COF-1催化制备6-取代菲啶

Figure 13. Synthesis of 6-substituted phenanthrene catalyzed by 2D-COF-1

图14. 2D-COF-2光催化脱羧烷基化反应

Figure 14. 2D-COF-2 photocatalytic decarboxylated alkylation reaction

图15. TTO-COF光催化芳烃和杂芳烃的三氟甲基化反应

Figure 15. Trifluoromethylation of aromatic and heteroaromatic hydrocarbons photocatalyzed by TTO-COF

图16. Rh-COF-316光催化苯与炔的[4＋2]环化反应

Figure 16. [4＋2] cyclization of benzene with acetylene photocatalyzed by Rh-COF-316

图17. Cu@PI-COF催化2-羟基苯乙酮与苯甲醛的缩合反应

Figure 17. Condensation of 2-Hydroxyacetophenone with benzaldehyde catalyzed by Cu@PI-COF

图18. COF-JLU5材料光催化CDC偶联反应

Figure 18. CDC coupling reaction photocatalyzed by COF- JLU5

图19. COFs复合材料光催化叔胺氧化氰化反应

Figure 19. COFs composite photocatalyzed cyanidation of tertiary amines

图20. 手性COFs材料催化醛类的不对称α-苄基化反应

Figure 20. Asymmetric α-benzylation of aldehydes catalyzed by chiral COFs

图21. HEP-COF作为光催化剂存在下光催化氧化的可能过程

图22. TpAQ-COF催化形成C—F键

Figure 22. TpAQ-COF catalyze the formation of C—F bonds

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