无过渡金属及无碱参与的N-苄基-N-叔丁基羰基酰胺的转酰胺化

doi:10.6023/cjoc202009048

摘要/Abstract

报道了一种无过渡金属和无碱条件下N-苄基-N-叔丁基羰基酰胺发生转酰胺化的方法. 该反应从高活性的N-叔丁基羰基酰亚胺出发, 历经亲核取代机理, 可以中等到优良的收率得到一系列取代酰胺产物. 值得一提的是, 由于反应体系无需添加额外的碱, 使得氨基酸衍生的手性亲核试剂及具有手性碳的酰胺在反应过程中其手性均能得到保持. 此外, 应用该方法还合成得到一些前药及抗抑郁症药物吗氯贝胺, 展示了该方法在有机合成中的潜在应用.

关键词: 转酰胺化, N-苄基-N-叔丁基羰基酰胺, 无过渡金属, 无碱

A new protocol for the transamidation of N-benzyl-N-Boc-amides under transition metal-free and base-free conditions is described. The reaction features high reactivity of N-Boc-imides via direct acyl nucleophilic substitution mechanism, and provides access to a diverse array of substituted amides in good to excellent yields. Notably, the base-free condition preserves enantiopurity with respect to chiral amino-acid-derived nucleophiles, and N-Boc-amides bearing an epimerizable stereocenter. The application of this method is also demonstrated through the synthesis of pro-drugs and antidepressant moclobemide.

Key words: transamidation, N-benzyl-N-Boc-amides, transition metal-free, base-free

引用此文

叶丹锋, 陈浩, 刘志园, 雷川虎. 无过渡金属及无碱参与的N-苄基-N-叔丁基羰基酰胺的转酰胺化[J]. 有机化学, 2021, 41(4): 1658-1669.

Danfeng Ye, Hao Chen, Zhiyuan Liu, Chuanhu Lei. Transamidation of N-Benzyl-N-Boc-amides under Transition Metal-Free and Base-Free Conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2021, 41(4): 1658-1669.

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图/表 9

Scheme 1. Methods for the transamidation reaction

Entry	Cs₂CO₃/ equiv.	Solvent	T/℃	Conv./% of 1a^a	Yield^a/% of 3a
1	2.0	DMF	100	41	33
2	1.0	DMF	100	70	48
3	0.2	DMF	100	85	63
4	0	DMF	100	84	81
5	0	THF	Reflux	97	83
6	0	CH₃CN	Reflux	79	78
7	0	Ether	Reflux	93	81
8	0	DCM	Reflux	7	6
9	0	Toluene	100	91	91
10	0	Toluene	80	54	50
11	0	Toluene	Reflux	99	97 (90)^b
12^c	0	Toluene	Reflux	86	79

Table 1. Optimization of the transamidation of N-benzyl-N- Boc-amide (1a) with pyrrolidine 2a

Scheme 2. Effect of N-substituents on amides Reaction conditions: amide (0.1 mmol), 2a (0.15 mmol), and toluene (0.5 mL) were heated with stirring under reflux for 12 h. Yields of the transamidation reaction were determined by GC analysis using an internal standard (yields in parentheses refer to N-activated amide starting material recovered from the reaction mixtures)

Scheme 3. Amide products accessed via the transamidation of the corresponding N-benzyl-N-Boc-amides Reaction conditions: 1 (0.5 mmol), 2a (0.75 mmol), and toluene (2.5 mL) were heated with stirring under reflux for 12 h. Yields refer to isolated yields (the yields in parentheses refer to initial amides recovered in the reaction mixtures)

Scheme 4. Products obtained when N-benzyl-N-Boc-amide (1a) was subject to the present procedure using a variety of amines Reaction conditions: 1a (0.5 mmol), 2 (0.75 mmol), and toluene (2.5 mL) were heated with stirring under reflux for 12 h. Yields refer to isolated yield (the yields in parentheses refer to the amide 1a recovered in the reaction mixtures)

Scheme 5. Synthesis of moclobemide and post-transformation of drugs Yields refer to isolated yields after column chromatography

Scheme 6. Transamidation of enantioenriched amino esters and N-activated amides Reaction conditions: 1 (0.5 mmol), amine 4 or 2 (0.75 mmol), and toluene (2.5 mL) were heated with stirring under reflux for 12 h. Yields refer to isolated yields (yields in parentheses are the original N-activated amides recovered in the reaction mixtures). The enantiomeric excess (ee) was determined by HPLC analysis using a stationary phase chiral column

Scheme 7. Selectivity tests involving amide 1x that contains phenolic ester and an N-benzyl-N-Boc Reaction conditions: 1x (0.5 mmol), 2a (0.75 mmol), and toluene (2.5 mL) were heated with stirring under reflux for 12 h. Yields refer to isolated yields

Figure 1. Kinetic profile for test transamidations Reaction of 1a with pyrrolidine 2a(giving product 3a) and n-hexanamine 2k (giving product 3af) under the standard conditions of the present study (top), and reaction of 1a (R=H), 1d (R=4-MeC6H4) and 1n (R=4-NCC6H4) with pyrrolidine 2a at 90 ℃ (bottom)

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