二氧化碳参与的芳香化合物去芳构化羧化反应研究进展

doi:10.6023/cjoc202405030

摘要/Abstract

二氧化碳(CO₂)参与的芳香化合物去芳构化羧化反应可用于合成具有环状分子骨架的羧酸类分子. 去芳构化羧化反应具有分子结构重构、环境友好、条件温和、产率高、选择性高等优点, 在药物合成和天然产物合成化学中具有重要意义. 综述了近年来二氧化碳参与的芳香化合物去芳构化羧化反应的研究, 包括过渡金属催化、光氧化还原催化和电促进化学等反应体系的反应特点和底物范围.

关键词: 去芳构化羧化, 芳香化合物, 二氧化碳, 金属催化, 光催化, 电促进化学

Dearomative carboxylation of aromatic compounds with carbon dioxide (CO₂) could be utilized for the synthesis of cyclic carboxylative frameworks. The dearomative carboxylation exhibits advantages such as reconstitution molecular spatial structure, environmental friendliness, mild conditions, high yield, and high selectivity, and is of significant importance in pharmaceutical synthesis and natural product chemistry. The recent advancements in the dearomative carboxylation of aromatics with CO₂ are summarized, including elucidation of the reaction characteristics and the scope of substrates via transition-metal catalysis, photoredox catalysis, and electropromoted chemistry.

Key words: dearomative carboxylation, aromatic compound, carbon dioxide, metal catalysis, photocatalysis, electropromoted chemistry

引用此文

李嘉元, 易雅平, 席婵娟. 二氧化碳参与的芳香化合物去芳构化羧化反应研究进展[J]. 有机化学, 2024, 44(10): 3136-3146.

Jiayuan Li, Yaping Yi, Chanjuan Xi. Advances in Dearomative Carboxylation of Aromatic Compounds with Carbon Dioxide[J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2024, 44(10): 3136-3146.

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图/表 19

Figure 1. Selected cyclic carboxylic acid derivatives in pharmaceuticals

Figure 2. Aromatic stabilization energies of common aromatic/heteroaromatic rings

Scheme 1. Pd-catalyzed dearomative carboxylation of 3-indole- methanol with CO2

Scheme 2. Pd-catalyzed formation of dicarboxylation products through dearomative carboxylation of 3-indolemethanol with CO2

Scheme 3. Radical trifluoromethylative dearomatization of indoles with CO2

Figure 3. General process of photocatalytic redox cycle

Scheme 4. Visible-light-induced reductive catalytic dearomatization and carboxylation of CO2 via SSET mechanism

Scheme 5. Direct photo-induced dearomatization and bifunctionalization reaction of heteroaromatics

Scheme 6. Reaction of indoles or benzofurans with sodium difluoromethanesulfinate as the radical precursor

Scheme 7. Photocatalyzed α-aminomethyl/dearomative carboxylation of indoles with CO2 and α-aminoalkyl radical precursors

Scheme 8. Dearomatization and carboxylation of inactive aromatics with CO2 constructed via RPCC strategy

Scheme 9. Dearomative carboxylation reaction leading to spirocyclic acid compounds

Scheme 10. Dearomative dicarboxylation of heteroarenes via CO2•-

Scheme 11. Dearomative carboxylation reaction of benzofuran with HCO2Cs

Scheme 12. Dearomative carboxylation of 2-naphthyl-acetoni- trile with HCO2Cs via Birch-type reaction

Scheme 13. Dearomative dicarboxylation reported by Zhu et al.

Scheme 14. Electro-dicarboxylation of CO2 with polycyclic aromatics

Scheme 15. Electrochemical dearomative dicarboxylation of heteroaromatics with CO2

Scheme 16. Electrochemical dearomative carboxylation of electron-deficient naphthalene with CO2

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