有机化学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (9): 3186-3202.DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202504011 上一篇    下一篇

综述与进展

抗乙肝病毒药物恩替卡韦的全合成研究进展

夏颖, 朱辰龙*(), 孙炳峰*()   

  1. 南京工业大学药学院 南京 211816
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-15 修回日期:2025-06-04 发布日期:2025-08-11
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(22301134)

Progress in Total Synthesis of Entecavir, an Antiviral Drug for Hepatitis B

Ying Xia, Chenlong Zhu*(), Bingfeng Sun*()   

  1. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816
  • Received:2025-05-15 Revised:2025-06-04 Published:2025-08-11
  • Contact: E-mail: chenlongzhu@njtech.edu.cn; bfsun@njtech.edu.cn
  • About author:

    Academic Papers of the 27th Annual Meeting of the China Association for Science and Technology.

  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(22301134)

恩替卡韦(entecavir)是一种碳环鸟嘌呤核苷类似物, 由美国Bristol-Myers Squibb(百时美施贵宝)公司于1997年研制开发, 2005年美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准上市. 其分子骨架包含五元环和鸟嘌呤结构, 在临床上表现出对乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的强效抑制作用, 同时具有较低的耐药性, 是目前治疗慢性乙型肝炎的重要抗病毒药物之一. 由于恩替卡韦重要的临床价值和新颖的结构, 其合成方法一直是研究热点, 本综述总结了迄今为止文献中报道恩替卡韦的全合成及形式合成的方法, 涵盖早期的经典路线以及近年来高选择性、高效率的不对称合成方法, 重点分析了各路线的关键反应, 这些合成策略不仅促进了恩替卡韦合成研究的深入, 也为结构类似的核苷类抗病毒药物的设计与合成提供了有益的参考.

关键词: 恩替卡韦, 抗乙肝病毒, 全合成, 不对称合成

Entecavir is a carbocyclic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine developed by Bristol-Myers Squibb (USA) in 1997 with potent and selective activity against the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Its structure consists of a five-membered ring and a guanine moiety. Clinically, it demonstrates strong inhibitory effects against the hepatitis B virus and has a relatively low tendency for drug resistance. This review provides a comprehensive summary of reported total and formal syntheses of entecavir to date, covering both early classical strategies and more recent asymmetric approaches featuring high selectivity and efficiency. It emphasizes the key reaction steps in various synthetic pathways. These synthetic efforts not only advance the process development of entecavir but also offer valuable insights for the synthesis of structurally related nucleoside-based antiviral agents.

Key words: entecavir, anti-HBV, total synthesis, asymmetric synthesis