窄谱带有机长余辉材料的研究进展

doi:10.6023/cjoc202505030

摘要/Abstract

有机长余辉材料在高分辨显示、信息加密、生物成像等领域展现出广泛的应用潜力. 然而, 传统有机长余辉材料的发光光谱半峰宽(Full Width at Half Maximum, FWHM)通常较大(70~100 nm), 普遍存在色纯度低的问题, 难以满足高分辨光学应用需求. 近年来, 研究者通过材料设计创新和光物理过程调控, 成功实现了长寿命激发态与窄谱带(FWHM<50 nm)发射的结合, 显著提高了有机长余辉材料的色纯度. 窄谱带有机长余辉材料近年来得到了快速发展, 但目前尚缺乏系统的总结. 综述了窄谱带有机长余辉材料的设计策略, 从室温磷光机理(Room Temperature Phosphorescence, RTP)、延迟荧光机理(Delayed Fluorescence, DF)和能量转移机理(Energy Transfer, ET)三个方面, 详细总结了最新的研究进展, 并展望了未来的发展方向.

关键词: 窄谱带, 色纯度, 长余辉, 光物理性质, 有机发光材料

Organic afterglow materials have shown great potential for applications in high-resolution display, information encryption, bioimaging, etc. However, traditional organic afterglow materials typically exhibit broad emission spectra with full widths at half maximum (FWHMs) ranging from 70 nm to 100 nm, resulting in low color purity and limiting their potential in high-resolution optical applications. In recent years, researchers have successfully achieved long-lived excited states and narrowband emission (FWHM<50 nm) through innovative material design and photophysical modulation, thereby enhancing the color purity of organic afterglow materials. The development of narrowband organic afterglow materials has progressed rapidly, yet a systematic review is still elusive in this field. This review summarizes the design strategies for narrowband organic afterglow materials based on the following three photophysical mechanisms: room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP), delayed fluorescence (DF), and energy transfer (ET). The recent research advances are comprehensively reviewed, and the perspective on future development of this emerging field is provided.

Key words: narrowband, color purity, afterglow, photophysical properties, organic luminescent materials

引用此文

夏阳, 任凯茵, 王小野. 窄谱带有机长余辉材料的研究进展[J]. 有机化学, 2025, 45(11): 4026-4036.

Yang Xia, Kai-Yin Ren, Xiao-Ye Wang. Recent Advances in Narrowband Organic Afterglow Materials[J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2025, 45(11): 4026-4036.

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图/表 11

图1. 窄谱带有机长余辉材料的光物理机理

Figure 1. Photophysical mechanisms of organic narrowband afterglow materials

图2. (a) 1a~1c的结构; (b) 1c的单晶结构; (c)不同掺杂浓度下1c在HEA-AA基质中的延迟发射光谱[24]

Figure 2. (a) Structures of 1a~1c; (b) single-crystal structure of 1c; (c) delayed emission spectra of 1c with different concentration doped HEA-AA[24]

图3. (a) 2a、2b和2c的结构; (b) 2b在基质中的稳态和延迟发射光谱; (c) 2b在基质中的变温延迟发射光谱[47]

Figure 3. (a) Structures of 2a, 2b and 2c; (b) steady-state and delayed emission spectra of 2b in the matrix; (c) delayed emission spectra of 2b in the matrix at different temperature[47]

图4. (a) 3a~3d的结构; (b) 3b的HOMO-LUMO分布图; (c) 3b在溶液中的吸收和稳态发射光谱以及在基质中的稳态和延迟发射光谱; (d) 3b在基质中的变温延迟发射光谱[49]

Figure 4. (a) Structures of 3a~3d; (b) the HOMO-LUMO distributions diagram of 3b; (c) the absorption and steady-state emission spectra of 3b in the solution and steady-state and delayed emission spectra of 3b in the matrix; (d) delayed emission spectra of 3b in the matrix at different temperature[49]

图5. (a) 4a~4h的结构; (b) 4a~4h在基质中的稳态和延迟发射光谱[50]

Figure 5. (a) Structures of 4a~4h; (b) Steady-state and delayed emission spectra of 4a~4h in the matrix[50]

图6. (a) 5a~5e的结构; (b) 5a的吸收和基质稳态发射光谱; (c)不同掺杂浓度下供体的时间分辨荧光光谱; (d)多色窄谱带长余辉薄膜的延迟发射光谱及照片[58]

Figure 6. (a) Structures of 5a~5e; (b) Absorption of 5a and steady-state emission spectra of the matrix; (c) Time-resolved photoluminescence spectra of energy donor with different concentration; (d) Delayed emission spectra and photographs of multi-color narrowband afterglow films[58]

图7. (a) 6a~6c的结构; (b) 6a的稳态和延迟发射光谱; (c) 6a荧光和延迟荧光的色坐标[59]

Figure 7. (a) Structures of 6a~6c; (b) Steady-state and delayed emission spectra of 6a; (c) Chromaticity coordinate of fluorescence and delayed fluorescence of 6a[59]

图8. (a) 7a~7e的结构; (b) 7d、7c、7a、7e的吸收和gCLA的荧光和余辉光谱重叠光谱; (c)多色窄谱带长余辉的延迟发射光谱[60]

Figure 8. (a) Structures of 7a~7e; (b) Absorption of 7d, 7c, 7a, 7e and steady-state and delayed emission spectra of gCLA; (c) Delayed emission spectra of multi-color narrowband afterglow[60]

图9. （a)余辉显示器件结构以及图案化显示[59]; (b)原始图像、余辉图像、模拟图像以及高分辨余辉灰度成像插图[61]

Figure 9. (a) Afterglow display structure and patterns[59]; (b) Original images, afterglow images, computer-processed images and illustration for high-resolution afterglow grayscale imaging[61]

图10. 使用窄谱带和宽谱带有机长余辉材料设计的组合加密装置[60]

Figure 10. Design of the combinational encryption device using narrowband and broadband organic afterglow materials[60]

图11. 柔性有机长余辉光波导纤维[60]

Figure 11. Flexible organic afterglow optical waveguide fiber[60]

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