f-Block Metal-Arene Interactions

doi:10.6023/cjoc202405017

Abstract

Recently, metal-arene interactions have played a key role in the advancement of coordination chemistry of f-ele- ments. On the one hand, f-block metal arene complexes with various structural features have been synthesized and characterized, and mainly behave as low-valent metal synthons in reactivity. On the other hand, incorporation of intramolecular metal-arene interactions in ligand design has played a key role in supporting unusual oxidation states and redox chemistry of f-elements. The recent advancement of f-block metal-arene interactions is summarized, including the synthesis and reactivity of representative f-block metal arene complexes, and an outlook on the future development of the field is provided.

Key words: f-elements, metal-arene interactions, synthesis, structures, reactivity

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Chong Deng, Yi Wang, Wenliang Huang. f-Block Metal-Arene Interactions[J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2025, 45(1): 56-85.

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Fig. & Tab. 36

Figure 1-1. Inverse-sandwich metal arene complexes of (a) rare-earth metals and (b) uranium, and inverse-sandwich f-block metal arene complexes supported by (c) cyclopentadienyl and (d) ketimide ligands

Figure 1-2. Inverse-sandwich f-block metal arene complexes supported by (a) carbene derivatives and (b) ferrocene diamide ligands

Figure 1-3. Inverse-sandwich f-block metal arene complexes supported by (a) tris(amide) ligand, (b~d) siloxide ligand, or (e~f) disilylamide/aryloxide/boryloxide ligand

Scheme 1. Synthesis of the multinuclear uranium-palladium cluster 1.62 featuring an inverse-sandwich structural unit

Figure 1-4. Structural features of the bridging arenes in representative inverse-sandwich rare-earth metal arene complexes

Figure 1-5. Three typical electronic structures of inverse-san- dwich uranium arene complexes

Figure 1-6. Products of the reactions between inverse-sandwich f-block metal arene complexes and atom- or group-transfer reagents

Figure 1-7. Products of the reactions between inverse-sandwich f-block metal arene complexes and unsaturated hydrocarbons

Figure 1-8. Products of the reactions between inverse-sandwich f-block metal arene complexes and P- or As-containing molecules

Figure 2-1. Synthesis and reactivity of [(R,RArO)3mes]U

Figure 2-2. Electrocatalytic water splitting mediated by 2.3-U (a) Process, (b) mechanism, (c) independent synthesis of an intermediate

Figure 2-3. Rare-earth metal complexes supported by [(Ad,MeArO)3mes]3－ (a) Reduction chemistry, (b) mechanism of electrocatalytic water splitting, (c) representative structures of Nd(Ⅲ) intermediates

Figure 2-4. Actinide complexes supported by (a) [(Ad,MeArS)3mes]3－ and (b) [(Me,MeArO3)3benz]3－

Figure 2-5. Synthesis of rare earth metal complexes supported by (ArTPBN3)3－ and the single crystal structure of H3(DippTPBN3) (35% thermal ellipsoid with hydrogen omitted)

Figure 2-6. Single crystal structure of H3(AdTPBN3) (35% thermal ellipsoid with CH atoms omitted)

Figure 2-7. Redox transformation of uranium complexes supported by (AdTPBN3)3−

Compound	2.19-U^a	2.18-U	2.20-UF/2.20-UI	2.22-U	2.21	2.23
Oxidation state of uranium	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ	Ⅵ
U—N/Å^b	2.477(3)	2.423(2)	2.323(2)/2.293(3)	2.421(4)	2.317(3)	2.274(3)
U—Cnt/Å	2.18	2.34	2.53/2.63	2.69	2.57	2.49
U—C/Å^b	2.596(4)	2.703(3)	2.893(3)/2.981(4)	3.028(4)	2.922(3)	2.860(4)
U—3N_plane/Å^c	－0.34	－0.17	0.07/0.11	0.25	0.12	0.04
U—X/Å	—	—	2.090(2)/3.085(1)	1.874(4)	1.829(2)	1.818(2)

Table 1. Key structural parameters of uranium(Ⅱ~Ⅵ) complexes supported by (AdTPBN3)3−

Figure 2-8. (a) One-electron redox processes of 2.18-Ce, and (b) single-center-two-electron oxidations for rare earth (cerium)

Figure 2-9. Reduction chemistry of thorium complexes supported by (RTPBN3)3－ (R=Ad, Dtbp)

Figure 2-10. Synthesis and reactivity of cerium complexes supported by [(OSi(OtBu)2Ar)3-arene]3－

Figure 2-11. Synthesis of rare earth metal complexes supported by [(OSi(Ph)2Ar)3-arene]3－

Figure 2-12. Synthesis of uranium complexes supported by [(OSi(OtBu)2Ar)3-arene]3－

Figure 2-13. Single crystal structures of 2.34, 2.43 (1/3 of the trimer), 2.49' (35% thermal ellipsoid with hydrogen omitted)

Figure 2-14. Synthesis and reactivity of thorium complexes supported by [(OSi(R)2Ar)3-arene]3－ (R=OtBu, Ph)

Figure 3-1. Multi-nuclear f-block metal complexes supported by monoanionic ligands with metal-arene interaction

Figure 3-2. Mononuclear f-block metal complexes supported by monoanionic ligands featuring metal-arene interactions

Figure 3-3. Synthesis of uranium and yttrium complexes supported by [NHDppiPr6]－

Figure 3-4. Divalent lanthanide amidinato, guanidinato, triazenido complexes featuring metal-arene interactions

Figure 3-5. (a) Uranium and (b) thorium complexes supported by [tBuCONDipp]－

Figure 3-6. Reduction chemistry of the uranium(Ⅲ) complex supported by an arene-tethered bis(enamino) ligand

Figure 3-7.

Figure 3-8. Synthesis of f-block metal complexes supported by the bis(benzene)-bis(pyrrolide) ligand (a) Samarium, (b) thorium, (c) uranium, (d) neptunium

Figure 3-9. Synthesis of trivalent f-block metal complexes supported by a p-terphenyl bis(aniline) ligand

Figure 3-10. Reactivity of uranium complexes supported by a p-terphenyl bis(aniline) ligand

Figure 3-11. Uranium and thorium complexes supported by the p-xylene tethered tetraphenolate ligand

Figure 3-12. Single crystal structure of 3.67-Gd (35% thermal ellipsoid with hydrogen and counter cations omitted)

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