光子晶体结构色材料的自组装制备与应用★

doi:10.6023/A23030080

摘要/Abstract

光子晶体是由不同折射率材料周期性排列而成的结构, 由于其独特的光学性质及优异的色彩饱和度, 已经成为结构色材料中最重要的类型. 过去几十年来, 纳米粒子自组装制备光子晶体具有精准、成本低以及易大面积等优势, 已经得到了广泛的研究和关注. 综述了近期光子晶体结构色材料的研究进展, 包括其基本的生色机制, 制备方法以及在显示、色度传感和信息防伪加密等方面的实际应用. 其中重点讨论了“自下而上”自组装的制备方式, 并且强调了图案化和大面积结构色材料的制备方法. 最后, 对目前自组装制备光子晶体结构色材料所面临的挑战以及未来发展的方向进行了展望.

关键词: 光子晶体, 结构色, 自组装, 图案化, 色度传感, 防伪

Photonics crystals are structures composed of materials with different refractive indices arranged periodically. Due to their unique optical properties and excellent color saturation, they have become the most important type of structural color materials. In the past few decades, the fabrication of photonic crystals using self-assembly of nanoparticles has attracted widespread research attention due to its precision, low cost, and ease of large-scale production. The recent research progress on photonic crystal structural color materials, including their basic color production mechanisms, fabrication methods, and practical applications in displays, color sensing, and information anti-counterfeiting encryption is reviewed with focuses on the fabrication of photonic crystal structural colors using a “bottom-up” self-assembly approach. And the methods for producing photonic crystal patterns and large-area structural color films are emphasized. Finally, the challenges faced by current self-assembly fabrication of photonic crystal structural color materials and prospects for future development directions are discussed.

Key words: photonic crystal, structural color, self-assembly, patterning, colorimetric sensing, anti-counterfeiting

引用此文

胡立伟, 刘宪虎, 刘春太, 宋延林, 李明珠. 光子晶体结构色材料的自组装制备与应用^★[J]. 化学学报, 2023, 81(7): 809-819.

Liwei Hu, Xianhu Liu, Chuntai Liu, Yanlin Song, Mingzhu Li. Self-assembly Fabrication and Applications of Photonic Crystal Structure Color Materials^★[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2023, 81(7): 809-819.

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图/表 8

图1. 光子晶体的分类以及自然中的光子晶体结构色 (a)光子晶体的分类[26]. (b)蝴蝶的无角度依赖色彩[35]. (c)甲虫的手性结构色[36]. (d)鸟类羽毛色素色与结构色协同的色彩[39]

Figure 1. Classification of photonic crystals and the structural colors of photonic crystals in nature (a) Classification of photonic crystals[26]. Copyright 2008 Princeton University Press. (b) Angle-independent color of butterfly[35]. Copyright 2016 Society of Photo Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (c) Chiral structural colors of beetle[36]. Copyright 2009 American Association for the Advancement of Science. (d) Synergetic color of pigment color and structural color in bird feathers[39]. Copyright 2003 National Academy of Sciences, USA.

图2. 外场驱动纳米颗粒自组装 (a)电场驱动自组装[45]. (b)磁场驱动自组装[46]. (c)摩擦力驱动自组装[47]. (d)剪切力驱动自组装[51]

Figure 2. External field-driven self-assembly of nanoparticles (a) Electric field-driven self-assembly[45]. Copyright 1999 Springer Nature. (b) Magnetic field-driven self-assembly[46]. Copyright 2009 American Chemical Society. (c) Friction-driven self-assembly[47]. Copyright 2014 Wiley-VCH. (d) Shear force-driven self-assembly[51]. Copyright 2021 Elsevier.

图3. (a)竖直沉积法[52]和(b)浸渍提拉法[57]制备光子晶体

Figure 3. Fabrication of photonic crystals using (a) vertical deposition[52] (Copyright 2001 Springer Nature) and (b) fabrication of photonic crystals using dip-coating pull-up method[57] (Copyright 2014 the Royal Society of Chemistry.)

图4. 图案化光子晶体制备 (a)微流控法制备球形光子晶体[60]. (b)模板辅助法制备一维光子晶体[63]. (c)喷墨打印制备图案化光子晶体[69]. (d) 3D打印制备图形化光子晶体[71]

Figure 4. Fabrication of patterned photonic crystals (a) Fabrication of spherical photonic crystals by microfluidics[60]. Copyright 2008 American Chemical Society. (b) Fabrication one-dimensional photonic crystals[63]. Copyright 2022 Elsevier. (c) Inkjet printing of patterned photonic crystals[69]. Copyright 2019 the Royal Society of Chemistry. (d) 3D printing of shaped photonic crystals[71]. Copyright 2022 Springer Nature.

图5. 大尺寸光子晶体的制备 (a)刮涂法示意图[72]. (b)狭缝刮涂示意图[74]. (c)喷涂制备大面积光子晶体膜[75]. (d)旋涂制备晶圆级别的光子晶体[76]. (e)气液界面自组装制备光子晶体[77]

Figure 5. Preparation of large-scale photonic crystals (a) Schematic illustration of spin-coating method[72]. Copyright 2010 American Chemical Society. (b) Schematic illustration of slit-scraping method[74]. Copyright 2018 Springer Nature. (c) Preparation of large-area photonic crystal film by spray-coating[75]. Copyright 2018 Wiley-VCH. (d) Preparation of wafer-level photonic crystal by spin-coating[76]. Copyright 2014 American Chemical Society. (e) Fabrication of photonic crystal by gas-liquid interface self-assembly[77]. Copyright 2018 Wiley-VCH.

图6. 光子晶体结构色的显示 (a)电驱动的光子晶体墨水[13]. (b)光子晶体剪纸以及应力驱动显示[40]

Figure 6. Display of photonic crystal structural colors (a) Electrically-driven photonic crystal ink[13]. Copyright 2010 Wiley-VCH. (b) Photonic crystal-kirigami and stress-driven display[40]. Copyright 2021 Wiley-VCH.

图7. 光子晶体的色度传感 (a)光子晶体色彩可视化的应力检测[74]. (b)球形光子晶体色彩可视化的温度检测[90]. (c)一维光子晶体线用于病毒可视化检测[63]

Figure 7. Colorimetric sensing of photonic crystals (a) Stress detection using color visualization of photonic crystals[74]. Copyright 2018 Springer Nature. (b) Temperature detection using color visualization of spherical photonic crystals[90]. Copyright 2018 Wiley-VCH. (c) Detection of viruses using one-dimensional photonic crystal chains[63]. Copyright 2022 Elsevier.

图8. 光子晶体的防伪和信息加密 (a)光子晶体结构色的角度依赖性防伪[91]. (b)光子晶体色彩的编码加密[92]. (c)复合结构光子晶体色彩的偏振加密[93]

Figure 8. Anti-counterfeiting and information encryption of photonic crystals (a) Angle-dependent anti-counterfeiting of photonic crystal structural colors[91]. Copyright 2013 American Chemical Society. (b) Encrypted coding of photonic crystal colors[92]. Copyright 2017 the Royal Society of Chemistry. (c) Polarization encryption of composite-structured photonic crystal colors[93]. Copyright 2022 Wiley-VCH.

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