碗形胶体颗粒/阵列薄膜的制备及性能研究进展

doi:10.6023/A12121048

摘要/Abstract

随着科学技术和应用需求的快速发展, 对胶体颗粒形貌、尺寸和组分提出了越来越高的要求, 简单组成的球形颗粒已经难以满足需求. 微/纳米碗形胶体颗粒/阵列薄膜由于具有比表面积大、结构对称性下降等特点, 在纳米反应器、药物运载、高灵敏度传感器、数据储存、自组装等方面有着广阔的应用前景, 其研究、开发和应用已经成为微／纳米材料研究领域的热点. 概述了近十年来国内外碗形胶体颗粒/碗形阵列薄膜的研究进展, 按照无机和金属、聚合物两大类分别对碗形材料的各种制备方法进行了详细介绍, 目前主要有单层胶体晶体模板法、碗形阵列薄膜模板法、诱导生长法、异形颗粒法、中空微球内陷法、种子聚合法、溶剂处理法等; 按照材质种类, 分别对TiO₂, ZnO, Fe_xO_y, 贵金属、聚合物等碗形颗粒/阵列薄膜的结构与性能研究进行了概述, 指出了其潜在的应用领域; 并进一步展望了该领域未来的发展趋势.

关键词: 碗形胶体颗粒, 碗形阵列薄膜, 帽形颗粒, 非球形颗粒, 性能

Nonspherical particles include various morphologies, such as snow-shaped, mushroom-shaped, dumbbell-shaped, H₂O molecules-shaped, bowl-like. Their unique structures not only provide novel assembly units, but also bring many special physical and chemical properties. During the last ten years, micro/nanometer bowl-like particles and arrays have been given widely attention. Due to their large specific surface area, low structure symmetry, the bowl-like particles and bowl-like arrays have unique optical, magnetic properties and provide broad potential applications in nano-reactors, drug delivery, high-sensitivity sensor, data storage, assembly units, solar cell and other fields. This review gives a systematic overview on the recent advances in the fabrication and properties of the bowl-like particles and bowl-like arrays. First, various synthesis routes are introduced in detail, including the monolayer colloidal crystal template approach, the bowl-like array template approach, induced growth, heterodimeric particle approach, hollow microspheres invagination, seed polymerization, solvent-treatment approach. Next, the relationship between the structure and the property of the bowl-like particles and arrays are investigated according to the types of material. The diverse applications of the obtained materials are also summarized, for example photo catalysis, solar cells, micro/nanometer devices, sensors, and so on. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of various synthesized methods are discussed and an outlook on future developments in this area is also provided.

Key words: bowl-like particles, bowl-like arrays, cap-like particles, nonspherical particles, properties

引用此文

郭阳光, 杨穆, 吴强. 碗形胶体颗粒/阵列薄膜的制备及性能研究进展[J]. 化学学报, 2013, 71(05): 693-699.

Guo Yangguang, Yang Mu, Wu Qiang. Progress in Preparation and Properties of the Bowl-like Particles and Arrays[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2013, 71(05): 693-699.

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