Efficient Preparation of Homogeneous Chromogenic Glucose-responsive Photonic Crystal Gels by Magnetic Assembly Method

doi:10.6023/A24030080

Abstract

To efficiently prepare glucose-responsive photonic crystal gels with homogeneous coloration is still a challenge. A glucose-responsive gel embedded with ordered one-dimensional photonic crystal chains is fabricated by curing the precursors under both magnetic field and UV light. The chemically stable 3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid (3-APBA) is selected as the glucose-responsive co-monomer, which is negatively charged after recognizing glucose and makes the gel swelling. However, poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-coated magnetic colloidal nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄@PVP MCNCs) are prepared by solvothermal method and used as the magnetic assembly elements for the construction of the one-dimensional photonic crystal structure. MCNCs suspended in dimethyl sulfoxide/ethylene glycol (DMSO/EG) mixed solvent reach equilibrium by both spatial repulsion of PVP shell polymer and magnetic attraction along the direction of applied magnetic field, rapidly arranging into one-dimensional chain-like structures; while in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field, magnetic particles repel each other and maintain the independent chains. When the total monomer concentration is 2.5 mol/L, the feeding molar ratio of 3-APBA and crosslinker to monomers are respectively 20% and 0.2%, the resultant hydrogel has satisfactory glucose-responsive swelling properties. The effects of MCNCs size, concentration, magnetic field strength and environmental pH on the glucose-responsive performance are investigated systematically. The diffraction wavelength of the photonic crystal gels will be red-shifted with the increase of the particle size and concentration of the MCNCs, the decrease of the applied magnetic field strength, and the enhancement of the test environment alkalinity. The results show that the photonic crystal gel, prepared by polymerizing the precursor solution containing MCNCs concentration of 4 g/L and a particle size of 181 nm at a moderate magnetic field strength of 8 mT, has the optimal glucose-responsive performance. It is able to change from blue to orange in glucose solutions from 0 to 50 mmol/L with satisfactory reusability, reaching a diffraction wavelength migration of nearly 100 nm. The glucose-responsive photonic crystal gel based on one-dimensional magnetic assembly chains has the advantages of facile preparation process, homogeneous structural color as well as stable and reversible responsiveness, and therefore, it has potential applications in the field of visual detection of glucose.

Key words: magnetic assembly, photonic crystal, glucose response, hydrogel, visualization

Cite this article

Yaqin Hu, Xiaojie Ju, Wei Wang, Zhuang Liu, Dawei Pan, Rui Xie, Liangyin Chu. Efficient Preparation of Homogeneous Chromogenic Glucose-responsive Photonic Crystal Gels by Magnetic Assembly Method[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2024, 82(7): 782-789.

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Fig. & Tab. 8

Figure 1. (a~c) FESEM images of MCNCs with different particle sizes and (d) their particle size distribution in aqueous solution: The particle sizes in the wet state are 157 (a), 181 (b) and 208 nm (c)

Figure 2. Optical properties of MCNCs nanoparticles in the mixture of DMSO/EG: The particle sizes in the wet state are 157 (a, d), 181 (b, e) and 208 nm (c, f) respectively. The concentration of MCNCs is 4 g/L, and the volume ratio of solvent is 1∶1

Sample	Size of MCNCs/nm	Concentration of MCNCs/(g•L⁻¹)
HAB	—	0
PHAB-1	157	4
PHAB-2	181	4
PHAB-3	208	4
PHAB-4	181	2
PHAB-5	181	6

Table 1. Composition of glucose responsive gels

Figure 3. Cross-sectional FESEM images and EDS spectra of glucose-responsive blank gel (a) and photonic crystal gels (b~d): The particle sizes of embedded MCNCs are 157 (b), 181 (c) and 208 nm (d), respectively. The magnetic strength of 8 mT is used to polymerize the hydrogels

Figure 4. Effect of MCNCs particle size and magnetic field strength on the response properties of photonic crystal gels: The particle sizes of MCNCs are 157 (a, d), 181 (b, e) and 208 nm (c, f), respectively. The pH of all tested solutions is constant at 7.36 and the temperature is 37 ℃

Figure 5. Effect of the MCNCs with the feed concentrations of 2 (a, d), 4 (b, e) and 6 g/L (c, f) on the response properties of photonic crystal gels: The pH of all solutions tested is constant at 7.36 and the temperature is 37 ℃

Figure 6. Effect of pH on the glucose-responsive performance of photonic crystal gels, the scale bars are 0.5 cm

Figure 7. Reusability performance of photonic crystal gels in response to glucose concentration with 0~50 mmol/L

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