多孔有机聚合物用于化学固定二氧化碳的研究进展

doi:10.6023/cjoc202212026

摘要/Abstract

多孔有机聚合物(POPs)是一类由有机结构单元通过共价键连接而成的新型多孔材料, 具有合成方法多样、孔性质可调、孔道结构稳定、密度较低、比表面积大等优点, 已在气体吸附、分离与贮存、光电器件、传感以及非均相催化等方面展现出了重要的应用价值. 碳捕集、利用与封存(CCUS)技术作为大幅度减少化石能源二氧化碳(CO₂)排放的重要途径, 其中将CO₂催化转化为有价值的燃料或者工业增值产品是解决可再生能源利用以及实现绿色化学发展的潜在有效方法. 综述了共价有机框架(COFs)、共价三嗪框架(CTFs)、超交联聚合物(HCPs)、共轭微孔聚合物(CMPs)和自具微孔聚合物(PIMs)等多孔材料的合成、性质以及近几年在化学固定CO₂方面取得的进展, 并对POPs在CO₂催化方面的应用前景进行了展望.

关键词: 多孔有机聚合物, 非均相催化, 化学固定, 二氧化碳转化, 工业增值产品

Porous organic polymers (POPs) are a new class of porous materials that connect organic structural units by covalent bonds, having the features of various synthetic methods, adjustable pore properties, stable pore structures, low relative density and large specific surface areas. POPs have been applied in fields of gas adsorptions, separations and storage, optoelectronic devices, sensing and heterogeneous catalysis, showing the important application value. Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology is the unique way to significantly reduce carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from fossil fuels, and catalytic conversion of CO₂ into valuable fuels or industrial value-added products is an effective and potential strategy to solve the utilization of renewable energy and realize the development of green chemistry. In this review, the synthesis and properties of covalent-organic frameworks (COFs), covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs), hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs), conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) and polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) and their progress of chemical fixation of CO₂ in recent years, is reviewed, and the application prospects of POPs in CO₂ catalysis are prospected.

Key words: porous organic polymers, heterogeneous catalysis, chemical fixation, carbon dioxide conversion, industrial value-added products

引用此文

廖旭, 王泽宇, 唐武飞, 林金清. 多孔有机聚合物用于化学固定二氧化碳的研究进展[J]. 有机化学, 2023, 43(8): 2699-2710.

Xu Liao, Zeyu Wang, Wufei Tang, Jinqing Lin. Progress in Porous Organic Polymer for Chemical Fixation of Carnbon Dioxide[J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2023, 43(8): 2699-2710.

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图/表 13

图式1. 多孔有机聚合物骨架的类型及其化学偶联方式

Scheme 1. Types of porous organic polymer frameworks and their coupling chemistries

图式2. 用于构建COFs的经典反应.

Scheme 2. Classic reactions used for the construction of COFs

图式3. 2,3-DhaTph COF催化CO2合成各种环状碳酸酯和噁唑烷酮.

Scheme 3. Synthesis of various cyclic carbonates and oxazolidinones from CO2 catalyzed 2,3-DhaTph COF

图式4. (a) Cu-NPs@COF催化CO2与炔丙胺合成2-噁唑烷酮; (b) AgN@COF催化CO2与炔丙胺合成2-噁唑烷酮

Scheme 4. (a) Synthesis of 2-oxazolidinones from CO2 with propargyl amine catalyzed Cu-NPs@COF; (b) synthesis of 2-oxazolidinones from CO2 with propargyl amine catalyzed AgN@COF

图式5. [BE]x%-TDCOFs催化CO2与胺分级还原为甲酰胺、氨基和甲胺

Scheme 5. Hierarchical reduction of CO2 with amine to afford formamide, aminal and methylamine catalyzed [BE]x%-TDCOFs

图式6. (a) Zn(II)@TFP-DAQ COF催化CO2、苯胺和正溴丁烷合成氨基甲酸酯; (b) Ag/TFPG-DMB COF催化CO2、苄胺和甲醇合成氨基甲酸酯

Scheme 6. (a) Synthesis of carbamate from CO2, aniline and 1-bromobutane catalyzed Zn(II)@TFP-DAQ COF; (b) synthesis of carbamate from CO2, benzylamine and methanol catalyzed Ag/TFPG-DMB COF

图式7. Ag@TpPa-1催化炔胺衍生物与CO2的环化反应合成2,4-吡咯烷二酮

Scheme 7. Synthesis of tetramic acids by Ag@TpPa-1 catalyzed cyclization of CO2 with propargylic amine derivatives

图式8. Ag@COF催化炔丙炔醇与CO2的环化反应

Scheme 8. Cyclization of CO2 with propargyl alcohols catalyzed Ag@COF

图式9. (a) CTF-P-HAS催化CO2与环氧化合物的环加成; (b) CTF-P-HAS催化环氧化合物的两步环加成/酯交换反应

Scheme 9. (a) Cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides catalyzed CTF-P-HAS; (b) two-step cycloaddition/transesterification of epoxides catalyzed CTF-P-HAS

图式10. Ag0@CTFN、Ag/PCNF-700和Ag@p-CTF-250催化末端炔烃与CO2合成各种炔基羧酸

Scheme 10. Synthesis of various alkynyl carboxylic acids from terminal alkynes with CO2 catalyzed Ag0@CTFN, Ag/PCNF-700 and Ag@p-CTF-250

图式11. Cu(I)@bipy-CTF催化炔丙炔醇与CO2的环化反应

Scheme 11. Cyclization of CO2 with propargyl alcohols catalyzed Cu(I)@bipy-CTF

图式12. [HCP-CH2-Im][Cl]-1和HIP-Cl(3)-OH催化CO2与环氧化合物的环加成反应

Scheme 12. Cycloaddition reaction of CO2 with epoxides catalyzed [HCP-CH2-Im][Cl]-1 and HIP-Cl(3)-OH

图式13. Ag-HMP-2催化末端炔烃与CO2合成各种炔酸

Scheme 13. Synthesis of various alkynyl carboxylic acids from terminal alkynes with CO2 catalyzed Ag-HMP-2

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