有机化学    

综述与进展

钯催化惰性亚甲基C(sp3)-H键分子间官能团化反应

梅明顺a, 张扬会*,a,b   

  1. a同济大学化学科学与工程学院 上海 200092;
    b同济大学上海市化学品分析、风险评估与控制重点实验室 上海 200092
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-09 修回日期:2024-07-17
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(No. 22371211)和上海市自然科学基金(No.23ZR1468700 )资助.

Palladium-Catalyzed Intermolecular Functionalization of Unactivated Methylene C(sp3)-H Bonds

Mei Mingshuna, Zhang Yanghui*,a,b   

  1. aSchool of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092;
    bShanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092
  • Received:2024-06-09 Revised:2024-07-17
  • Contact: *E-mail: zhangyanghui@tongji.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22371211) and Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (No. 23ZR1468700).

尽管过渡金属催化的亚甲基C(sp3)-H官能团化是一项巨大的挑战,但近年来已取得一系列显著进展。本文综述了钯催化的惰性亚甲基C(sp3)-H键的分子间官能化反应,讨论了包括芳基化、烷基化、烯基化/炔基化、乙酰氧基化、胺化、卤化、硼化和硅化在内的多种反应。由于亚甲基C(sp3)-H键的惰性特性,其官能化反应通常依赖于导向基策略,这不仅能控制区域选择性,还能解决低反应性问题。各种导向基,包括强配位的双齿辅助基和弱配位的天然官能团,已被证明在实现亚甲基C(sp3)-H官能化方面是有效的。

关键词: 钯催化, 碳氢键活化, 亚甲基C(sp3)-H 键活化, 交叉偶联

Although transition metal-catalyzed methylene C(sp3)-H functionalization is a great challenge, it has made noticeable progress in recent years. This review specifically describes Pd-catalyzed intermolecular functionalization of unactivated methylene C(sp3)-H bonds. A variety of reactions, including arylation, alkylation, alkenylation/alkynylation, acetoxylation, amination, halogenation, borylation, and silylation reactions, have been discussed in this review article. Due to the inert properties, methylene C(sp3)-H functionalization reaction usually rely on the use of directing group strategies, which can not only control regioselectivity but also address low reactivity issue. Various directing groups, including strongly coordinating bidentate auxiliaries and weakly coordinating innate functional groups, have proven to be effective for enabling methylene C(sp3) -H functionalization.

Key words: palladium catalysis, C-H activation, methylene C(sp3)-H activation, cross-coupling