Research Progress of Fluorescent Probes for Cysteine Targeting Cellular Organelles

doi:10.6023/cjoc202209005

Abstract

As an important endogenous biothiol, cysteine is involved in various physiological processes. Besides, cysteine also plays an important role in the regulation of intracellular redox levels and the synthesis of bioactive substances. Cellular organelles all act an essential role in the life process, but different cellular organelles have their own unique functions, which makes the mechanism of cysteine in different organelles may be different. The high sensitivity and in situ analyze ability of fluorescent probes provide a method to monitor cysteine in different organelles, which is helpful to understand the mechanism of cysteine in physiological process more comprehensively. In this review, the recent reports on cysteine specific fluorescent probes are classified according to their targeted organelles. Besides, the property of those probes, including their structure, response mechanism, spectral properties and biological applications, is summarized.

Key words: cysteine, cellular organelles, targetable localization, fluorescent probe

Cite this article

Feiran Liu, Jing Jing, Xiaoling Zhang. Research Progress of Fluorescent Probes for Cysteine Targeting Cellular Organelles[J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2023, 43(6): 2053-2067.

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Fig. & Tab. 12

Figure 1. Stuctures of fluorescent probes for cysteine targeting mitochondria based on cyanine dyes

Figure 2. Structures of fluorescent probes for cysteine targeting Mitochondria based on hemi-cyanine dyes

Figure 3. Structures of fluorescent probes for cysteine targeting mitochondria based on onium ion

Figure 4. Structures of fluorescent probes for cysteine within mitochondria based on other targetable group

Figure 5. Structures and recognition mechanism of difunctional fluorescent probe 29

Figure 6. Structures of fluorescent probes for cysteine targeting lysosome based on the acrylate group

Figure 7. Images of HeLa cells co-incubated with the fluorescent probe 36 (SHCy-C), cysteine and five different organelle- trackers[87]

Figure 8. Structures of fluorescent probes for cysteine targeting lysosome based on other recognition groups

Figure 9. Structures of fluorescent probes for cysteine targeting endoplasmic reticulum

Figure 10. Images of HeLa cells co-incubated with the fluorescent probe 49 (Gol-Cys), cysteine and four different organelle-trackers[116]

Figure 11. Structures and recognition mechanism of fluorescent probes for cysteine targeting Golgi apparatus

Figure 12. Structure of probe 52

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