现场生成的金属纳米团簇催化的研究进展

doi:10.6023/cjoc202203060

摘要/Abstract

在一个金属催化体系中, 不论催化剂前体是金属盐、金属络合物或纳米粒子, 在反应过程中都可能现场发生转变生成单核络合物、多核团簇和纳米粒子等. 综述了在一些代表性的金属催化的合成方法学中现场生成的纳米团簇粒子为催化活性物种的例子, 并讨论纳米团簇粒子的形成、表征以及其催化作用.

关键词: 现场生成, 金属纳米团簇, 催化方法学, 过渡金属催化

In transition metal catalyzed reactions using simple metal salts, metal complexes, or nanoparticles as catalyst precursors, the metal sources may transfer to other species in situ, such as mono metal species, metal clusters and nanoparticles. Herein, the representative examples of the in situ generated metal nanoclusters as the catalytically active species in synthetic methodologies are reviewed, including their in situ formation, characterization and effect in catalysis.

Key words: in situ generation, metal nanoclusters, catalytic methodology, transition-metal catalysis

引用此文

张金羽, 刘天芬, 王乐, 王晓明. 现场生成的金属纳米团簇催化的研究进展[J]. 有机化学, 2022, 42(8): 2331-2341.

Jinyu Zhang, Tianfen Liu, Le Wang, Xiaoming Wang. Recent Process in the in situ Generated Metal Nanocluster Catalysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2022, 42(8): 2331-2341.

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图/表 19

图1. 均相金属催化体系中可能存在的金属物种

Figure 1. Possible metal species in homogeneous catalysis

图2. [RhCp*Cl2]2为催化剂前体催化苯氢化反应

Figure 2. [RhCp*Cl2]2 catalyzed hydrogenation of benzene

图3. 铑团簇催化N-杂芳烃加氢反应

Figure 3. Rhodium clusters catalyzed the hydrogenation of N-heteroaromatic hydrocarbons

图4. CAAC-Rh催化芳环加氢反应

Figure 4. CAAC-Rh catalyzed hydrogenation of aromatic rings

图5. 芳环催化氢化反应中的铑纳米粒子

Figure 5. Formation of rhodium nanoparticles in the catalytic hydrogenation of aromatic rings

图6. 铁催化烯烃和炔烃的加氢反应

Figure 6. Iron catalyzed hydrogenation of alkenes and alkynes

图7. 可溶性铁纳米团簇催化的烯烃氢化反应

Figure 7. Soluble iron clusters catalyzed hydrogenation of olefins

图8. 钴催化的选择性可控的腈基氢化反应

Figure 8. Cobalt-catalyzed controllable hydrogenation of nitriles

图9. 钴纳米颗粒催化C=C、C=O和C=N键的加氢反应

Figure 9. Cobalt nanoparticles catalyzed hydrogenation of C=C, C=O and C=N bonds

图10. 铬催化炔烃的半氢化反应

Figure 10. Chromium‐catalyzed semi‐hydrogenation of alkynes

图11. 镍催化烯烃与叔硅烷的硅氢化反应

Figure 11. An easily accessed nickel nanoparticle catalyst for alkene hydrosilylation with tertiary silanes

图12. 铂团簇催化炔烃马式加成和反马氏加成选择性硅氢化反应

Figure 12. Anti-Markovnikov selective hydrosilylation of alkynes catalyzed by platinum clusters

图13. 钴催化不饱和键硼氢化反应

Figure 13. Selective hydroboration of unsaturated bonds by an easily accessible heterotopic cobalt catalyst

图14. 钴催化苄基C—H键的硼化反应

Figure 14. Selective benzylic C—H borylations by cobalt catalysis

图15. 金催化酯辅助炔烃的分子间水合反应和富电子芳烃的溴化反应

Figure 15. Gold-catalyzed ester-assisted intermolecular hydration of alkynes and bromination of electron-rich arenes

图16. 现场生成的钯团簇催化的高效偶联反应

Figure 16. In situ formed palladium clusters catalyzed coupling reaction

图17. 铜团簇催化的Goldberg偶联反应

Figure 17. Copper clusters catalyzed Goldberg coupling reactions

图18. 光催化与铁团簇协同催化炔烃三聚反应

Figure 18. Combined photoredox and iron catalysis for the cyclotrimerization of alkynes

图19. 钴纳米团簇催化炔烃三聚反应

Figure 19. Heterotopic Co catalyst for highly selective cyclotrimerization of alkynes

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