基于紫外吸收剂与固体添加剂调控的有机太阳能电池

doi:10.6023/A26060221

摘要/Abstract

针对有机太阳能电池活性层材料在紫外光照射下易发生光化学降解, 引发器件性能衰退的问题, 本工作采用双添加剂策略: 引入紫外线吸收剂2-[2'-羟基-3',5'-双(α,α-二甲基苄基)苯基]苯并三唑(UV234)和挥发性固体添加剂1,4-二碘苯(DIB), 应用于D18:L8-BO体系中, 借助二者协同作用同步提升器件的光电性能与光照稳定性. UV234不仅可吸收部分紫外光, 提升器件的光稳定性, 还能与D18之间发生荧光共振能量转移, 并通过调控给体D18的分子堆积方式, 促使分子聚集转变为更有利于电荷传输的J-聚集主导模式; DIB的碘原子与D18和受体L8-BO分子中的氮原子位点产生相互作用, 有效调控共混薄膜的结晶过程与相分离动力学. 二者协同作用, 制备出相分离尺度适宜、互穿网络结构更优、表面均匀性更佳的活性层薄膜, 有效促进了激子解离与电荷传输并显著抑制了电荷复合. 基于D18:L8-BO体系的器件实现了19.55%的光电转换效率(PCE), 器件的紫外光稳定性得到显著增强; 经功率为24 W的紫外灯持续照射408 h后, 使用双添加剂协同调控的器件PCE仍保持初始效率的76%, 而未经添加剂处理的器件PCE仅剩初始值的64%.

关键词: 紫外吸收剂, 固体添加剂, 有机太阳能电池, 稳定性, 形貌调控

To address the issue that active layer materials in organic solar cells are susceptible to photochemical degradation under ultraviolet (UV) light, leading to performance decay, a dual-additive strategy is employed: the UV absorber 2-[2'-hydroxy-3',5'-bis(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)phenyl]benzotriazole (UV234) and the solid additive 1,4-diiodobenzene (DIB) are introduced into the D18:L8-BO system to synergistically enhance the device photovoltaic performance and stability. ‌ Ultraviolet-visible (UV‑Vis) absorption spectroscopy was employed to investigate the effects of two additives on the optical properties of D18, L8-BO, and their blend films. UV234 can absorb part of the UV light to boost the device’s photostability, significantly influence the molecular packing behavior of the donor D18, drive its aggregation mode to shift from a mixed state to a J-aggregation-dominated mode that is more favorable for charge transport, and undergo Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) with D18, as evidenced through photo-luminescence spectral analysis. Meanwhile, the iodine atoms of DIB interact with the nitrogen atom sites in D18 and the acceptor L8-BO molecules, effectively modulating the crystallization process and phase-separation kinetics of the blend film. The surface and bulk morphology of the blend films were investigated via atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, the Flory-Huggins interaction parameters (χ) were employed to evaluate the miscibility between D18 and L8-BO. A film with an appropriate phase-separation scale, an improved interpenetrating network structure, and a more uniform surface is obtained, which effectively promotes exciton dissociation and charge transport while significantly suppressing charge recombination. To investigate the impact of different treatments on photovoltaic performance, conventional devices with the structure of ITO/2-PACz/D18:L8-BO/ PNDIT-F3N/Ag were fabricated. The dual additives processed device ultimately achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.55%, and its UV photostability is remarkably enhanced: after continuous irradiation under a 24 W UV lamp for 408 h, the PCE of the device co-regulated by the dual additives retains 76% of its initial efficiency, whereas the PCE of the untreated device drops to 64%.

Key words: ultraviolet absorbent, solid additive, organic solar cells, stability, morphology regulation

引用此文

杨云帆, 韩骏, 孙帅军, 刘铭, 陶武松, 邹应萍. 基于紫外吸收剂与固体添加剂调控的有机太阳能电池[J]. 化学学报, 2026, 84(10): 1610-1618.

Yunfan Yang, Jun Han, Shuaijun Sun, Ming Liu, Wusong Tao, Yingping Zou. Organic Solar Cells Regulated by Ultraviolet Absorbers and Solid Additive[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2026, 84(10): 1610-1618.

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图/表 10

图1. (a)双添加剂处理的给体D18和(b)受体L8-BO紫外-可见吸收光谱图

Figure 1. (a) Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra of donor D18 and (b) acceptor L8-BO treated with dual additives

图2. (a) D18的紫外-可见吸收曲线和UV234薄膜的PL曲线图谱; (b)不同比例UV234掺杂D18薄膜的PL光谱

Figure 2. (a) The ultraviolet-visible absorption curve of D18 and the PL curve of UV234 film; (b) PL spectra of D18 films doped with different UV234 doping ratios

图3. (a)不使用添加剂; (b) UV234作为添加剂; (c) DIB作为添加剂; (d)双添加剂的活性层薄膜的场发射透射电镜形貌图

Figure 3. TEM images of active layer films processed (a) without additive; (b) with UV234; (c) with DIB; and (d) with dual additives

图4. 不同添加剂条件下活性层薄膜的原子力显微镜相图及高度图

Figure 4. AFM height and phase images of active layer films processed with different additives

图5. D18:L8-BO共混膜的形貌截面分析与纤维宽度统计

Figure 5. Morphology line-profile analysis and fiber width statistics of D18:L8-BO blends

Additive	V_oc/V	J_sc/(mA•cm^-2)	FF/%	PCE/%	J_cal/(mA•cm^-2)
W/O	0.91 (0.914±0.005)	25.33 (24.81±0.47)	77.28 (77.06±0.86)	17.83 (17.47±0.28)	24.18
2% (w) UV234	0.92 (0.917±0.007)	25.40 (25.20±0.25)	77.54 (77.41±0.67)	18.12 (17.88±0.28)	24.60
5% (w) UV234	0.92 (0.914±0.006)	25.73 (25.88±0.35)	78.55 (77.59±1.08)	18.62 (18.35±0.20)	24.73
7% (w) UV234	0.92 (0.915±0.004)	25.50 (25.76±0.28)	76.95 (75.79±0.70)	18.29 (18.11±0.20)	24.63

表1. AM 1.5G (100 mW•cm-2)下不同含量UV234的D18:L8-BO器件光伏参数

Table 1. Photovoltaic parameters of D18:L8-BO devices based on different content UV234 under illumination of AM 1.5G (100 mW•cm-2)

DIB/(mg•mL^-1)	w(UV234)/%	V_oc/V	J_sc/(mA•cm^-2)	FF/%	PCE/%	J_cal/(mA•cm^-2)
5	0	0.89 (0.894±0.002)	26.24 (26.21±0.19)	78.62 (77.88±0.57)	18.40 (18.24±0.15)	25.52
3	5	0.92 (0.908±0.005)	26.04 (26.10±0.29)	78.78 (77.68±0.64)	18.78 (18.41±0.23)	25.24
3	7	0.92 (0.92±0.002)	26.18 (26.31±0.23)	79.76 (78.91±0.66)	19.55 (19.29±0.21)	25.47

表2. AM 1.5G (100 mW•cm-2)下不同含量UV234/DIB的D18:L8-BO器件光伏参数

Table 2. Photovoltaic parameters of D18:L8-BO devices with different contents of UV234/DIB at AM 1.5G (100 mW•cm-2)

图6. 使用不同添加剂器件的(a) J-V特性曲线和(b)外量子效率图谱

Figure 6. (a) J-V characteristic curves and (b) external quantum efficiency spectra of devices using different additives

图7. 使用不同添加剂条件的(a)激子解离图谱; (b)空穴迁移率图谱; (c)电子迁移率图谱; (d)电压-光强依赖图谱; (e)电流-光强依赖图谱

Figure 7. (a) Exciton dissociation spectra; (b) Hole mobility; (c) Electron mobility; (d) Voltage-light intensity dependent spectra; (e) Current-light intensity dependent spectra

图8. 不使用添加剂和使用双添加剂条件的(a) 65 ℃稳定性; (b)紫外稳定性; (c)放置稳定性; (d)惰性气体气氛下扫描速率为10 ℃•min-1时UV234的热失重曲线

Figure 8. (a) Thermal stability at 65 ℃; (b) UV stability; (c) Storage stability; (d) Thermogravimetric curves of UV234 at a heating rate of 10 ℃•min-1 in an inert gas atmosphere under conditions without additives and with double additives

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