第VIII族过渡金属配合物催化羰基化合物硅氢化的反应机理

doi:10.6023/cjoc201507037

摘要/Abstract

硅氢加成是有机硅化学中的重要反应, 多种过渡金属包括铁、铑、钌、钯、铂等的配合物对不饱和化合物的硅氢加成均有高的催化活性, 尤其在羰基化合物的硅氢化反应中应用广泛. 由于有机硅烷可以为包含一个Si—H键的叔硅烷、二个Si—H键的仲硅烷或三个Si—H键的伯硅烷, 羰基化合物的硅氢化产物会随硅烷和过渡金属配合物的不同而出现差异. 指出了羰基化合物硅氢加成反应的几种机理及其在不同金属配合物和硅烷参与反应时的适用性. 重点讨论了Rh, Ru, Fe, Ir反应机理类型和影响条件. 此外, 描述了部分主要中间体和过渡态以及相关的能量参数, 并对第VIII族过渡金属配合物催化羰基化合物硅氢化反应机理的研究进行了展望.

关键词: 过渡金属配合物, 羰基化合物, 有机硅烷, 硅氢化, 反应机理

Hydrosilylation is an important reaction widely used in the silicone industries. Especially, the hydrosilylation of carbonyl compounds is of great value in synthetic organic chemistry. A variety of transition-metal complexes, such as iron, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, platinum, etc., are now known to show catalytic activity in the hydrosilylation of ketones. Since organohydrosilanes may involve one, two, or three Si—H bonds in tertiary, secondary or primary silanes, respectively. The various types of compounds were produced in their reactions with the unsaturated substrates catalyzed by transition-metal complexes. In this paper, several reaction mechanisms of carbonyl compounds hydrosilylation catalyzed by group VIII transition metal complexes under different reaction conditions are mainly introduced. In particular, the new developments on mechanistic pathways for Rh, Ru, Fe and Ir catalytic systems from the type of reaction mechanism and the influence of reaction conditions are highlighted. In addition, some key intermediates and transition states, and their energetics are presented. Not only a summary of previous work is given, but also some ideas and inspirations are provided for future research.

Key words: transition metal complexes, carbonyl compounds, organosilanes, hydrosilylation, reaction mechanism

引用此文

秦晓飞, 刘晓燕, 郭彩红, 武海顺. 第VIII族过渡金属配合物催化羰基化合物硅氢化的反应机理[J]. 有机化学, 2016, 36(1): 60-71.

Qin Xiaofei, Liu Xiaoyan, Guo Caihong, Wu Haishun. Reaction Mechanisms of Carbonyl Compounds Hydrosilylation Catalyzed by Group VIII Transition Metal Complexes[J]. Chin. J. Org. Chem., 2016, 36(1): 60-71.

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