生物质基催化剂在CO2化学转化中的应用

doi:10.6023/cjoc202312011

摘要/Abstract

CO₂是地球上储量最丰富的C1资源, 其特点是无毒、可再生、化学性质稳定和价廉易得. 因此, 通过化学转化方法将CO₂转化为具有高附加值的化学品有着重要的意义. 由于CO₂具有较高的热力学稳定性和动力学惰性, 导致基于它的大部分化学转化反应都需要使用高效催化剂. 迄今为止, 多孔碳、离子液体(ILs)、共价有机框架(COFs)、多孔有机聚合物(POPs)和金属有机框架(MOFs)等均已被用于CO₂的化学转化, 这些催化体系虽然具有较高的催化活性, 但也存在诸多缺点, 如原料来源较为困难且这些原料大多不可再生, 制备过程不绿色或制备成本昂贵. 因此, 发展天然小分子或天然高分子为原料制备可再生生物质基催化剂显得尤为重要. 综述了含有天然产物的催化体系, 如氨基酸、胆碱、纤维素、壳聚糖和木质素等在以CO₂制备高附加值化学品方面的研究进展.

关键词: 生物质基催化剂, CO₂, 化学转化, 绿色合成

CO₂ is the most abundant C1 platform compound on earth, characterized by non-toxicity, renewability, chemical stability, and availability. Therefore, it is of great significance to convert CO₂ into high value-added chemicals through chemical conversion. Due to the high thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness of CO₂, most chemical conversion reactions require the use of high-efficiency catalysts. So far, various catalytic systems have been developed, such as porous carbon, ionic liquids (ILs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), porous organic polymers (POPs), and metal organic frameworks (MOFs). Although these catalysts have high catalytic activity, they also have many drawbacks, namely, the source of raw materials is not wide, and most of these raw materials are not renewable, and the preparation process of these catalysts is not green. Therefore, it is particularly important to prepare renewable catalysts using small natural molecules or natural polymers as raw materials. The research progress of catalytic systems containing natural products, such as amino acids, choline derivatives, cellulose, chitosan, lignin, etc., is summarized in the preparation of high value-added chemicals from CO₂.

Key words: biobased catalysts, CO₂, chemical conversion, green synthesis

引用此文

高晋彬, 陆颖琪, 张辉, 高利柱, 熊兴泉. 生物质基催化剂在CO₂化学转化中的应用[J]. 有机化学, 2024, 44(9): 2732-2741.

Jinbin Gao, Yingqi Lu, Hui Zhang, Lizhu Gao, Xingquan Xiong. Application of Biobased Catalysts in Chemical Conversion of CO₂[J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2024, 44(9): 2732-2741.

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图/表 16

图式1. 以CO2为原料合成多种有机化合物

Scheme 1. Synthesis of various organic compounds using CO2 as raw material

图式2. 微波一锅法合成AAILs

Scheme 2. Microwave-assisted one-pot synthesis of AAILs

图1. 杂环阳离子修饰的AAILs催化剂的结构

Figure 1. Structures of AAILs modified by N heterocyclic cations

图式3. 含醚基咪唑阳离子修饰的AAILs合成路线

Scheme 3. Synthesis of AAILs modified by ether-functionalized imidazole cations

图2. 不同有机酸修饰的DESs的结构

Figure 2. Structures of DESs modified by different organic acids

图3. 生物质基有机酸作HBDs的DESs的结构

Figure 3. Structures of DESs with bio-based organic acids as HBD

图4. 海藻酸基催化剂AA-950的合成路线[41]

Figure 4. Synthesis of seaweed acid-based catalyst AA-950[41]

图5. 杉木基N掺杂碳电催化剂CB-NGC的合成路线[43]

Figure 5. Synthesis of cedar biomass-based N-doped electrocatalyst CB-NGC[43]

图式4. 以废豆渣为原料制备N掺杂碳材料的合成[45]

Scheme 4. Synthesis of bean dregs-based N-doped carbon materials[45]

图式5. 季铵化纤维素催化剂mQCs的合成

Scheme 5. Synthesis of quaternary ammonium cellulose catalysts mQCs

图式6. 稻壳纤维素基聚离子液体的合成

Scheme 6. Synthesis of rice husk cellulose-based poly(ionic liquids)

图式7. 硫酸盐木质素基纳米颗粒和黑色素基纳米粒子催化CO2转化为环状碳酸酯

Scheme 7. Kraft lignin and melanin-based nanoparticles catalyzed conversion of CO2 to cyclic carbonates

图式8. CS、植酸为原料的MOHs的合成路线

Scheme 8. Synthesis of CS and phytic acid-based MOHs

图6. CS基催化剂的结构

Figure 6. Structures of CS-based catalysts

图式9. 没食子酸基多孔聚合物Ag/GA-azo-POP的合成

Scheme 9. Synthesis of gallic acid-based porous polymers Ag/GA-azo-POP

图7. MFM-KUST催化剂的结构

Figure 7. Structure of MFM-KUST catalysts

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生物质基催化剂在CO₂化学转化中的应用

Application of Biobased Catalysts in Chemical Conversion of CO₂

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