有机多孔聚咔唑的制备及性能研究进展

doi:10.6023/A15020126

摘要/Abstract

聚咔唑具有刚性主链和共轭富电子体系, 既有利于形成永久性多孔材料, 又可增强被吸附物与吸附剂之间的相互作用, 还具有特异的光电性能. 因此, 近年来有机多孔聚咔唑材料的研究成为有机多孔材料领域中的一个热点. 有机多孔聚咔唑一般具有较大的比表面积和稳定的孔结构, 其制备方法简单多样, 多孔性可调控, 而且可以保持良好的光学电学性质, 在气体存储与分离、有机蒸气吸附、催化、传感及有机电子学等方面具有潜在的应用价值. 就有机多孔聚咔唑材料的制备而言, 常用的制备方法是以氧化偶联反应和Friedel-Crafts反应为代表的合成方法, 还有一些如氰基三聚和碳–碳偶联反应等其他的合成方法. 本文主要介绍近几年有机多孔聚咔唑的制备方法和性能研究与应用方面的最新进展.

关键词: 咔唑, 有机多孔聚合物, 制备, 性能

Polycarbazole has rigid backbone and conjugated electron rich system, which are beneficial to form permanent porous materials, enhance interactions between adsorbate and adsorbent, and exhibit intrinsic optical and electrical performance. As a novel kind of porous materials, organic porous polycarbazoles possess high specific surface area and permanent porosity, which have drawn great interests owing to the advantages in synthetic diversity, pore size controllability, optical and electrical properties. The preparation of organic porous polycarbazoles has recently been developed rapidly because of their great potential applications in gas storage, separation, vapor adsorption, catalysis, sensing and organic electronics. As for preparative methods of the organic porous polycarbazoles, carbazole-based oxidative coupling polymerization and Friedel-Crafts alkylation are the representative methods. Some other synthetic methods such as nitrile-based trimerization of aromatic nitriles and classic carbon-carbon coupling polymerization. Recently, a facile method for the preparation of hypercrosslinked organic porous polycarbazoles via FeCl₃-promoted one-step oxidative coupling reaction and Friedel-Crafts alkylation in one pot has also been reported. According to the summarized results of porosity and adsorption performance, micro/mesoporous conjugated polycarbazole with high porosity can be obtained via molecular structure tuning. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area of porous polycarbazole is up to 2440 m²·g^-1. The adsorption performance of some organic porous polycarbazoles not only can be comparable with that of the known porous organic polymers with ultrahigh specific surface area, such as PAF-1 and PNN-4, but also can be competitive with the best reported results for porous organic polymers, activated carbons, and metal-organic frameworks under the same conditions. Herein, recent advance such as synthetic methods, properties, and applications in organic porous polycarbazoles has been reviewed.

Key words: carbazole, porous organic polymer, preparation, property and application

引用此文

操强, 陈琦, 韩宝航. 有机多孔聚咔唑的制备及性能研究进展[J]. 化学学报, 2015, 73(6): 541-556.

Cao Qiang, Chen Qi, Han Baohang. Recent Advance in Organic Porous Polycarbazoles: Preparation and Properties[J]. Acta Chim. Sinica, 2015, 73(6): 541-556.

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