甘油作绿色溶剂在有机合成中的应用研究进展

doi:10.6023/cjoc201410043

摘要/Abstract

大多数有机反应都是在溶剂中进行的, 反应溶剂的使用不仅有利于反应物和催化剂的接触, 也决定工作过程和处理策略的选择. 甘油作为生物柴油工业的主要副产物, 具有低毒、高沸点、非可燃、非腐蚀、难挥发、化学性质稳定的特性, 这些性质符合理想绿色溶剂的大部分要求. 同时, 甘油作为溶剂使用, 既有原料保障又没有消耗石油资源, 完全符合当前发展可持续化学过程的要求. 近年来, 以甘油作为绿色新型溶剂, 实现了很多有机反应, 包括加成、还原、偶联、多组分反应等. 在部分的有机反应中, 使用甘油作为绿色溶剂, 不仅能够提高反应的产率或改变反应的选择性, 同时还可以实现溶剂的回收循环使用. 本文主要介绍近年来甘油作为绿色溶剂在加成反应、还原反应、偶联反应和多组分反应等有机反应领域中的应用. 通过这个视角论述这些应用实例, 期望能为甘油在有机合成中更好的应用提供启发.

关键词: 生物柴油, 甘油, 绿色溶剂, 有机合成

Traditionally, organic synthesis is carried out in solvents, which not only facilitate the intimate contact of reactants and catalysts but also determines the choice of work up procedures and disposal strategies. Glycerol (1,2,3-propanetriol or glycerin) is easily available as the main by-product of the biodiesel industry. The increased production in the synthesis of biofuel, i.e., biodiesel, has led to a growth in the supply of glycerol, which is a non-toxic and recyclable liquid that is highly inert and stable, and compatible with many other non-irritating and non-toxic chemicals. According to the twelve principles of green chemistry, the features of glycerol are to meet the criteria for green solvents. Recently, glycerol has attracted attention as it is a versatile, cheap, and renewable feedstock and has been proven to be an environmentally friendly reaction media for the synthetic organic chemistry. In many reactions, glycerol as green solvent can improve the yield of the reaction or change the selectivity of the reaction. In order to provide some inspiration of better organic synthetic method design for glycerol, the use of glycerol as a green solvent in organic synthesis is reviewed, such as addition reactions, reduction reactions, coupling reactions, multi-component reactions, and so on.

Key words: biodiesel, glycerol, green solvent, organic synthesis

引用此文

张霞忠, 邹润英, 邓家英, 周文俊, 王进贤. 甘油作绿色溶剂在有机合成中的应用研究进展[J]. 有机化学, 2015, 35(6): 1238-1249.

Zhang Xiazhong, Zou Runying, Deng Jiaying, Zhou Wenjun, Wang Jinxian. Recent Progress of Glycerol as Green Solvents in Organic Synthesis[J]. Chin. J. Org. Chem., 2015, 35(6): 1238-1249.

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