光催化生物质相关转化

doi:10.6023/cjoc202408018

摘要/Abstract

非粮生物质作为地球上最丰富的可再生资源之一, 具有替代化石资源生产高附加值化学品及绿色能源的潜能. 光催化是在温和条件下通过光照诱导产生活性物种引发的相关转化, 因此备受关注. 系统综述了光催化中主要的均相与非均相催化体系, 通过光照产生自由基引发生物质中最主要成分纤维素、半纤维素和木质素相关的C—C键和C—O键断裂进行转化的研究进展, 旨在为设计高效、高选择性的光催化生物质转化体系提供参考, 促进生物质在温和条件下增值转化. 文末对光催化生物质转化进行了总结与展望.

关键词: 生物质, 光催化, 自由基, C—C键断裂, C—O键断裂

As one of the most abundant renewable resources on the earth, non-food biomass has the potential to replace fossil resources for production of high-value chemicals and green energy. Photoinduced catalysis has attracted wide attention as active species are generated under mild conditions to trigger the transformations. In this paper, the major photoinduced catalytic systems for biomass-related transformations in both homogeneous catalysis and heterogeneous catalysis are systematically reviewed. Radicals are generated under light irradiation to induce cleavage of C—C and C—O bonds related with cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, the main components of biomass, to drive the further transformations. This review could provide insights for design of highly efficient and selective photoinduced catalytic biomass conversion systems. Summary and the prospects are given for the further development.

Key words: biomass, photocatalysis, radicals, C—C bond cleavage, C—O bond cleavage

引用此文

谭芳芳, 史孟欣, 张文敏, 李洋. 光催化生物质相关转化[J]. 有机化学, 2025, 45(5): 1523-1547.

Fangfang Tan, Mengxin Shi, Wenmin Zhang, Yang Li. Photoinduced Catalysis for Biomass-Related Conversions[J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2025, 45(5): 1523-1547.

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图/表 35

图式1. 木质纤维素的结构示意图

图式2. 光诱导主要的均相催化体系产生关键自由基引发化学键断裂进行生物质相关转化

Scheme 2. Major homogeneous catalytic systems induced key radicals for biomass-related transformations

图式3. 光诱导主要的非均相催化体系产生关键自由基引发化学键断裂进行生物质相关转化

Scheme 3. Major heterogeneous systems induced key radicals for biomass-related transformations

图式4. 基于Fe(III)的LMCT光催化

Scheme 4. LMCT photochemistry on Fe(III) (A) Early reports; (B) LMCT process of Fe(III) complexes; (C) applications in cellulose-related conversions.

图式5. 基于V(V)的LMCT光催化

Scheme 5. LMCT photochemistry on V(V) (A) Seminal reports on the generation of alkoxy radicals; (B) Application on the degradation of lignin models.

图式6. 基于Ce(IV)的LMCT光催化在木质素及模型降解中的应用

Scheme 6. Application of LMCT photocatalysis based on Ce(IV) in lignin degradation

图式7. Ir-1催化的PCET体系在木质素及模型降解中的应用

Scheme 7. Application of Ir-1/base PCET system in degradation of lignin and models

图式8. 吖啶盐催化的PCET体系在木质素模型降解中的应用

Scheme 8. Application of acridinium induced PCET in degradation of lignin models

图式9. 吖啶盐催化的PCET体系在木质素模型降解中的应用

Scheme 9. Application of acridinium induced PCET in degradation of lignin models

图式10. 2-Br-AQN催化的PCET体系在木质素模型降解中的应用

Scheme 10. Application of 2-Br-AQN induced PCET in the cleavage of lignin models

图式11. 4CzIPN或Ir-2与HAT催化剂协同催化木质素模型降解

Scheme 11. 4CzIPN or Ir-2 in synergistic catalysis with HAT catalyst for degradation of lignin models

图式12. Ir-2与HAT催化剂协同催化木质素及模型降解

Scheme 12. Ir-2 in synergistic catalysis with the HAT catalyst for degradation of lignin and models

图式13. PDI/TPT与HAT催化剂协同催化木质素及模型分子降解

Scheme 13. PDI or TPT in synergistic catalysis with HAT catalyst for degradation of lignin models

图式14. DCA催化木质素模型降解

Scheme 14. DCA-catalyzed degradation of lignin model

图式15. PTH催化木质素模型降解

Scheme 15. PTH-catalyzed degradation of lignin model

图式16. 吖啶盐及Cu(II)协同催化二芳基醚酸解

Scheme 16. Acidolysis of diaryl ethers co-catalyzed by acridine salt and Cu(II)

图式17. 吖啶盐及V2O5协同催化各类木质素模型水解

Scheme 17. Acridine salt and V2O5 co-catalyzed the hydrolysis of various lignin models

图式18. UO2(NO3)2催化二芳基醚及木质素模型水解

Scheme 18. Hydrolysis of diaryl ethers and lignin models catalyzed by UO2(NO3)2

图式19. 吖啶盐催化饱和脂肪酸脱羧

Scheme 19. Acridine salt catalyzed the decarboxylation of saturated fatty acids

图式20. CuOx-TiO2催化多元醇的转化

Scheme 20. CuOx-TiO2-catalyzed conversion of polyols

图式21. Ta-CeO2催化多元醇及碳水化合物转化

Scheme 21. Ta-CeO2-catalyzed conversion of polyols and carbohydrates

图式22. CuOx/CeO2/TiO2催化木质素模型Cβ—O键断裂

Scheme 22. CuOx/CeO2/TiO2-catalyzed cleavage of Cβ—O bonds in lignin models

图式23. Pt/TiO2催化脂肪酸脱羧转化

Scheme 23. Pt/TiO₂-catalyzed decarboxylation of fatty acids

图式24. [SO4]/CdS催化的甘油重整制合成气

Scheme 24. [SO4]/CdS-catalyzed synthesis gas production from glycerol reforming

图式25. CdS@g-C3N4催化的甘油重整制合成气

Scheme 25. CdS@g-C3N4-catalyzed synthesis gas production from glycerol reforming

图式26. CdO-QDs/CdS催化的甘油重整制合成气

Scheme 26. CdO-QDs/CdS-catalyzed synthesis gas production from glycerol reforming

图式27. CdS-Cl催化的甘油重整制合成气

Scheme 27. CdS-Cl-catalyzed synthesis gas production from glycerol reforming

图式28. 光催化生物质HCO2H制氢

Scheme 28. Photocatalytic hydrogen production from biomass-based HCO2H

图式29. CdS量子点催化木质素模型Cβ—O键断裂

Scheme 29. CdS QDs-catalyzed Cβ—O bond cleavage of lignin model

图式30. 配体修饰的CdS QDs催化木质素模型Cβ—O键断裂

Scheme 30. Ligand-modified CdS QDs catalyzed Cβ—O bond cleavage of lignin model

图式31. Ni/CdS催化木质素模型Cβ—O键断裂

Scheme 31. Ni/CdS-catalyzed Cβ—O bond cleavage of lignin model

图式32. Ag＋交换的CdS量子点催化木质素模型Cβ—O键断裂

Scheme 32. Ag＋-exchanged CdS quantum dot-catalyzed Cβ—O bond cleavage of lignin model

图式33. ZnIn2S4催化木质素模型Cβ—O键断裂

Scheme 33. ZnIn2S4-catalyzed Cβ—O bond cleavage of lignin model

图式34. Zn6In2S9催化木质素模型Cβ—O键断裂

Scheme 34. Zn6In2S9-catalyzed Cβ—O bond cleavage of lignin model

图式35. g-C3N4或PI-BT催化木质素模型Cβ—O键断裂

Scheme 35. g-C3N4 or PI-BT catalyzed Cβ—O bond cleavage of lignin model

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