有机化学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 1569-1590.DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202407049 上一篇    下一篇

综述与进展

可见光催化的酸性C(sp3)—H键官能团化反应研究进展

洪洋a,b, 邓红平a,*()   

  1. a 南京农业大学理学院化学系 南京 210095
    b 安庆师范大学化学化工学院 安徽安庆 246133
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-31 修回日期:2024-09-11 发布日期:2024-11-08
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(21901121)

Research Progress on Photocatalyzed Protic C(sp3)—HFunctionalization

Yang Honga,b, Hongping Denga,*()   

  1. a Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095
    b School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, Anhui 246133
  • Received:2024-07-31 Revised:2024-09-11 Published:2024-11-08
  • Contact: * E-mail: denghp@njau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(21901121)

由于含酸性C(sp3)—H键的化合物来源广泛、廉价易得等, 且反应产物易于转化, 其作为亲核试剂被广泛应用于有机合成中. 最近十年, 由于可见光催化的C(sp3)—H键官能团化反应具有反应条件温和、原子及步骤经济性高等优点,其研究取得了快速的发展. 在可见光催化条件下, 含酸性C(sp3)—H键的化合物较易转化为亲电性烷基自由基中间体, 实现一系列以前难以实现的转化, 为该类化合物的高效利用提供了一种新的思路. 此综述着重介绍在没有等物质的量的氧化剂存在的条件下, 可见光催化的酸性C(sp3)—H键官能团化反应的最近研究进展. 根据酸性C(sp3)—H键的活化模式, 将反应的催化类型分为光致氧化还原催化、光致氧化还原协同有机胺催化和光致氧化还原协同氢原子转移催化. 同时, 对一些代表性的反应机理和产物应用也做了介绍.

关键词: 可见光催化, 酸性C(sp3)—H键, 光致氧化还原催化, 有机胺催化, 氢原子转移催化

Compounds containing protic C(sp3)—H bonds are widely used as nucleophiles in organic synthesis due to their cheaply available sources, and reaction products are readily converted into diverse functional molecules. In the past decade, visible light-catalyzed C(sp3)—H bond functionalization in mild conditions, atom- and step-economical manner has made rapid progress. Under visible-light catalytic conditions, protic C(sp3)—H feedstocks are readily converted into electrophilic alkyl radical intermediates, enabling a series of previously inaccessible transformations, which provides a new perspective on the efficient utilization of such compounds. This review focuses on the recent research progress of visible light-catalyzed protic C(sp3)—H functionalization in the absence of stoichiometric oxidants. Based on the different activation modes of protic C(sp3)—H bonds, the reactions are divided into photoredox catalysis, synergistic photoredox/amine organocatalysis, and synergistic photoredox/hydrogen atom transfer catalysis. Aside from the substrate scopes, the mechanisms and potential applications of some representative methodologies are also included.

Key words: visible-light catalysis, protic C(sp3)—H bond, photoredox catalysis, amine organocatalysis, hydrogen atom transfer catalysis